Mechanisms of antibacterial resistance of Clostridium (clostridioides) difficile (review)

Aim of the review. To study and consolidate recent data on Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile antibacterial resistance mechanisms. Key points. There is objective data about the spread of antimicrobial resistant Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile strains. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria determined by genetic resistance or metabolic pathways are described. Spread of antimicrobial resistance in clinically relevant С. difficile is aggravated by its ability to form biofilms. Moreover, being a spore-forming bacterium, С. difficile can resist microbicidal action staying in the form of spore. After antibiotic cessation С. difficile returns to vegetative state and causes recurrence of thee disease. Understanding of С. difficile antibacterial resistance mechanisms is one of the key points in disease prevention strategy. Besides antibiotic stewardship, monitoring for the С. difficile antibacterial resistance spread is needed. We argue that the research on С. difficile antibacterial resistance and on the development of novel antibacterial agents effective against С. difficile must be continued.

lostridium (Clostridioides) difficile, C. difficile-associated infection, antibiotic resistance, mechanisms of antibacterial resistance, Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile, C. difficile-ассоциированная инфекция, антибиотикорезистентность, механизмы резистентности к антибактериальным препаратам, Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile, C. difficile-associated infection, antibiotic resistance, mechanisms of antibacterial resistance