NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES ACCORDING TO BIOPSY STUDIES

Abstract

The aim of the study was to study the frequency, prevalence and nosological structure of pre-tumoral and tumor processes in the gastrointestinal tract on the basis of morphological study data. Materials and metods: 1294 specimens of biopsy specimens from the stomach and intestines were studied for the period 2014-2016. Results. Of the 1,294 specimens examined, the stomach accounted for 58 % of the small and large intestine - 42 %. Of 750 stomach biopsies, inflammatory diseases were detected in 61.7 %, hyperplastic processes in 19.6 %, tumors in 10 %, biopsy from gastroanastomoses - 7.73 %. Of the 544 biopsies of the intestine, 20.2 % of cases of small intestinal disease, 78.2 % of the large intestine, and 1.6 % of intestinal anastomoses. In biopsies of the small intestine, inflammatory processes prevailed (71.8 %), hyperplastic processes - 18.2 %, tumors - 6.4 %. When studying the nosological structure of the lesion of the large intestine: inflammatory diseases of the large intestine - 24.9 %, hyperplastic processes -17.5 %, tumors - 48.1 %, other processes -7.4 % and biopsies from intestinal anastomoses -2.1 %. Conclusions. Inflammatory diseases prevailed in the structure of pathological processes of the stomach (61.73 %) and the small intestine (71.8 %). The most frequent localization of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract was the large intestine (48.1 %), and the most common histological variant of malignant tumors was adenocarcinoma (94 %). Tumors of the stomach accounted for 10 % of the total number of pathological processes, and among the histological variants the most common was adenocarcinoma (64.1 %).