Загрязнение воздуха мелкими твердыми частицами связано с хроническими заболеваниями печени?

В обзоре освещены современные представления о роли загрязнения атмосферного воздуха взвешенными частицами (particulate matter, PM) в патогенезе хронических неинфекционных заболеваний печени (ХНЗП). Для этой цели были использованы материалы статей, индексированных в базах PubMed и РИНЦ. РМ с аэродинамическим диаметром ≤2,5мкм признаны самыми опасными. Выявлено, что длительное воздействие мелких твердых частиц (PM2,5) особенно содержащих металлы, значительно увеличивает риск развития и смертность от рака, цирроза и неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Воздействие PM2,5 может способствовать развитию ХНЗП, вызывая окислительный стресс, системное воспаление, нарушение регуляции липидного обмена. Повреждение кишечного эпителия и нарушение микробиотического гомеостаза, вызывает стресс эндоплазматического ретикулума клеток, индуцируя аномальную экспрессию специфических микроРНК или воспалительных факторов. В обзоре обсуждаются современная терминология и гипотезы патогенеза наиболее распространенных ХНЗП. К сожалению, ни одна гипотеза не дает ясной характеристики роли РМ в патогенезе обсуждаемых болезней печени, в частности, на молекулярно-генетическом уровне. Создание формализованного описания процессов, опосредующих влияние PM на организм человека, помогает лучше понять их роль в патогенезе различных заболеваний, в частности ХНЗП, что может способствовать совершенствованию способов ранней диагностики, лечения и мер профилактики.

загрязнение воздуха, взвешенные частицы, PM, патогенез хронических неинфекционных заболеваний печени, ХНЗП

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