Факторы риска развития онкопатологии

Стратегии профилактики направлены на изменение факторов риска окружающей среды и образа жизни, которые способствуют развитию рака. Скрининг выявляет аномалии до того, как они станут клинически очевидными, что позволяет проводить вмешательство либо до развития рака, либо на ранней стадии, когда лечение чаще всего эффективно. Несмотря на достоверные данные о факторах, снижающих риск возникновения новообразований, в рутинной клинической практике эффективность канцерпревенции по-прежнему недостаточно высока. Это определяет высокую значимость темы настоящего обзора, в котором суммированы актуальные научные данные о факторах риска развития онкопатологии и способах влияния на них. Рассмотрены такие факторы риска как образ жизни, употребление алкоголя и табакокурение, физическая активность, питание и другие факторы внешней среды. Большая роль отдается инфекциям, что также рассмотрено в настоящем обзоре. Освещен прием витаминов и микроэлементов с целью профилактики рака, а также влияние некоторых препаратов, принимаемым для лечения неонкологических заболеваний, на развитие онкопатологии. Цель обзора - представить анализ современных литературных данных о способах канцеропревенции.

профилактика рака, факторы риска, онкология

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