Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, laboratory diagnostics
https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-203-7-177-184
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease in the world, despite advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the development of multifactorial processes associated with this nosology. The review material is devoted to modern ideas about the immunogenetic causes of diabetes, changes in metabolism in the violation of carbohydrate metabolism, types of the disease and the principles of laboratory diagnostics in accordance with modern WHO criteria. Information on the molecular causes of functional insulin deficiency is presented. The biochemical aspects of hyperglycemia as the main mechanism of organ and tissue damage resulting from protein glycosylation are considered. The article describes the metabolic pathways of disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, water-salt metabolism, leading to the occurrence of glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, ketonuria, ketoacidosis and other complications of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the modern concept of the development of various forms of diabetes mellitus from the point of view of biochemistry of pathogenesis, molecular medicine will be useful for doctors of all specialties and in clinical laboratory diagnostics.
About the Authors
Natalia R. Telesmanich
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Rostov State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Zoya I. Mikashinovich
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Rostov State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mariya A. Konoval’Chik
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Rostov State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Telesmanich N.R., Mikashinovich Z.I., Konoval’Chik M.A. Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, laboratory diagnostics. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;(7):177-184. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-203-7-177-184
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