Surgical complications of abdominal tuberculosis in patients with different immune status

Aim. The aim of the research was to perform an analysis of surgical complications of abdominal tuberculosis and to determine optimal surgical treatment methods. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 166 patients with surgical complications of abdominal tuberculosis was conducted: 60 HIV-negative patients of group I and 106 HIV-positive patients of group II. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included diagnostic radiology, endoscopic methods, and the study of biological media for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All patients underwent various types of urgent surgery. Results. Perforations of tuberculosis ulcers of the intestine were diagnosed in 71 (42.8%) patients, tuberculosis peritonitis in 50 (30.1%), acute intestinal obstruction in 26 (15.7%), intestinal bleeding in 8 (4.8%), tuberculosis spleen abscesses - in 11 (6.6%). Analyzing our experience in treating patients with abdominal tuberculosis, it can be said that surgical complications are twice as likely to occur in HIV-positive patients, but the spectrum of the incidence of surgical complications does not differ. Conclusions. The most frequent surgical complications of abdominal tuberculosis in both patients with HIV-negative and in patients with HIV-positive status are perforations of intestinal tuberculosis ulcers, tuberculosis peritonitis and acute intestinal obstruction, which lead to the development of severe surgical complications, causing the complexity of diagnosis and treatment and high mortality. The tuberculosis lesions of various organs and systems were detected in HIV-positive patients 2.3 times more often; tuberculosis is of a generalized nature, associated with hematogenous dissemination and is accompanied by severe surgical complications.

абдоминальный туберкулез, туберкулез кишечника, ВИЧ-инфекция, туберкулезный перитонит, кишечная непроходимость, abdominal tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, HIV infection, tuberculosis peritonitis, bowel obstruction