CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND CARCINOGENESIS. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP

The interplay between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis has been widely discussed. Chronic inflammation induces premalignant changes in tissues (tissue metaplasia, atrophic changes, etc.) and promotes local tumor invasion, metastatic spread and tumor progression. Chronic inflammation can also induce changes of the DNA, promoting accumulation of pro-oncogenic mutations, which results in development of specific tumor environment as well as selection of chemo- and radioresistant tumor cells. Suppression of innate and acquired immunity caused by chronic inflammation also promotes tissue changes, increasing the likelihood of tumor development. The synergistic action of all above mentioned factors is implicated in development of multiple malignant neoplasms in a variety of organs. In this article the intricate interplay between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in various organs and organ systems is discussed. The understanding of these processes is of greatest importance, especially in gastroenterology, caused by relative prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases and peptic ulcer disease. Further understanding of these processes can help further improve the diagnostic and treatment approaches to malignant tumors, as well as prevention of inflammation-induced tumor progression.

miR-155, Helicobacter pylori, chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, pro-oncogenic mutations, microsatellite instability, Nuclear factor of kappa light gene polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-κB), MicroRNAs, tumor necrosis factor, miR-155, Helicobacter pylori

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