Multidirectional influence of helminths on allergic diseases and immunity
https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-231-11-157-163
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing every year. The development of allergic diseases is based on the interaction of a genetic predisposition to the Th2 immune response and various epigenetic factors. A popular explanation for the increase in allergy prevalence is the hygiene hypothesis, which explains the allergy epidemic by the inability to develop appropriate immune regulation due to a decrease in microbial diversity. The observation that some helminth infections negatively correlate with allergic and inflammatory diseases has led to an expansion of the field of research on parasite immunomodulation. However, the relationship between allergic diseases and helminthic infections is contradictory. Helminthiasis can have both stimulating and suppressive effects on allergic reactions. Intestinal helminths are capable of altering the host’s response to other infectious agents. In particular, they enhance the antiviral immune response, affect the balance of commensal organisms, changing the size of the microbiome and its qualitative composition. Helminths suppress inflammatory reactions. Thanks to this knowledge, it has become possible to use helminths as therapeutic agents for various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease. However, the results of these studies are ambiguous, and further observations are needed. Increasing scientific knowledge about the mechanism of immunological modification as a result of helminth infection and understanding the interaction between helminth infections and allergic diseases is useful for the development of potentially new treatments using helminths. Thanks to which it will be possible to reproduce and adapt the beneficial effects mediated by helminths, in the absence of harmful effects arising from a parasitic infection.
About the Authors
E. V. Nadey
Omsk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. S. Lepehina
Omsk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. A. Lyalyukova
Omsk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. V. Usacheva
Omsk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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For citations:
Nadey E.V., Lepehina E.S., Lyalyukova E.A., Usacheva E.V. Multidirectional influence of helminths on allergic diseases and immunity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2024;(11):157-163. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-231-11-157-163
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