Features of changes in nonspecific factors of immunological reactivity in obesity

Aim. To evaluate the features of the relationship between changes in the composition of the colon microbiota and factors of immunological reactivity in obesity in young people. Materials and methods. The study involved 87 obese people (BMI 37.2 [34.1; 42.05] kg/m2) and 31 people with normal body weight (BMI 21.9 [20.2; 23.5] kg/m2). The participants underwent a study of lipid metabolism, cytokine profiles, immune status, and the composition of the colon microbiota was determined. The Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 application software package was used for statistical calculations. The results were evaluated as statistically significant at a level of p<0.05. Results. When analyzing the microbiota, in the obesity group compared to the control group, a statistically significant decrease in the bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and an increase in the bacteria Prevotella spp and Fusobacterium nucleatum were revealed. Associations of these microorganisms with the most important parameters of nonspecific and specific immunological reactivity were identified. In particular, a correlation between Prevotella spp and CRP, NBT spontaneous activity of neutrophils and the stimulation index of the NBT test of neutrophils has been traced. A. muciniphila correlated with MCP-1 and F. nucleatum - with Ig M. A large number of correlations have been identified in F. prausnitzii with indicators of cellular nonspecific and specific immunological reactivity. Thus, F. prausnitzii correlated with NBT-induced monocyte activity (%), NBT-induced neutrophil activity (%), phagocytic activity of neutrophils (%), phagocytic number of neutrophils, phagocytic number of monocytes, T-NK lymphocytes (CD3+16+56 +) (%; cells/µl), T-lymphocytes with the CD3+25+ phenotype (%; cells/µl) and T-lymphocytes with the CD3+HLA DR+ phenotype (%; cells/µl). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the presence of associations of colon microbiota with the mechanisms of immunological reactivity in obesity in young people. The data obtained confirm the presence of a low-intensity chronic inflammatory process in obesity, the basis of which is the adaptive reactions of the immune system.

obesity, low-grade inflammation, gut microbiota, immunological reactivity, cytokines

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