Физические тренировки в комплексной программе профилактики и лечения саркопении у гериатрических пациентов

Мышцы играют важную роль в повседневной деятельности. У здорового человека скелетные мышцы составляют примерно 40% от общей массы тела и содержат 50-75% всех белков организма. Во время старения и/или при наличии сопутствующих факторов риска происходит потеря силы, массы и функции скелетной мускулатуры. Саркопения широко распространена среди людей старших возрастных групп и связана с увеличением риска неблагоприятных исходов, включая падения, снижение функциональных возможностей, старческую астению и смертность. Недостаток физической активности в пожилом возрасте является важным фактором риска развития саркопении. Поэтому основным методом профилактики и замедления прогрессирования возрастной саркопении является физическая активность. Хотя физическая активность не может полностью подавить процесс саркопении и связанное с возрастом ухудшение функции мышц, физические тренировки могут отсрочить начало саркопении и снизить ее тяжесть. В этом обзоре литературы представлена актуальная информация о физиологических, биохимических, гормональных эффектах физических упражнений. Рассмотрены основные виды физических нагрузок, которые могут применяться для профилактики и лечения саркопении у гериатрических пациентов, преимущества и недостатки различных видов физических упражнений.

физические тренировки, здоровое старение, геронтология, саркопения, старческая астения, синтез мышечного белка, мишень рапамицина млекопитающих, mTOR, анаболизм

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