Развитие системы здравоохранения в Иране
https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-70-77
Аннотация
В статье исследуются проблемы развития системы здравоохранения в Иране в период после «исламской революции» (1979 год). Автор ставит перед собой цель на фактологическом материале показать современный характер системы здравоохранения Исламской Республики Иран (ИРИ), которая за последние 40 лет реализовала ряд важных программ. Наиболее важной реформой стало формирование в 1983 году национальной сети здравоохранения, целью которой было сокращение неравенства и расширение доступа к медицинскому обслуживанию населения неблагополучных районов страны. Осуществлена интеграция медицинских услуг и медицинского образования, проведена реформа медицинского страхования, которая способствовала прогрессу на пути к всеобщему медицинскому страхованию за счет расширения охвата населения, реализуются программа семейного врача и политика автономизации больниц. Иран является одной из немногих стран, предоставляющих всестороннее медицинское страхование для беженцев на той же основе, что и для собственных граждан. Несмотря на достижения иранской программы планирования семьи, которая преследовала цель не только формирования эффективной демографической политики, но и улучшение общих социально- экономических показателей, отношение к ней в разные периоды новейшей истории Ирана было неоднозначным. Несмотря на зависимость от импорта сырья, ИРИ создала достаточно развитую медицинскую промышленность, что позволило стране стать экспортером фармацевтической продукции. Впечатляющих успехов достиг Иран в сфере медицинского туризма, заняв ведущие позиции в регионах Ближнего Востока, Южной и Центральной Азии, а также Закавказья. Система иранской национальной сети здравоохранения оказалась эффективной, поскольку обеспечила уникальную основу для оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи в сельских районах, что в целом способствовало росту показателей здоровья населения страны.
Заключение. Статья позволяет правильно оценить уровень развития здравоохранения в Иране для расширения российско-иранского сотрудничества в этой области.
Об авторе
Г. Г. Мачитидзе
Институт международных исследований МГИМО МИД РФ
Россия
Россия
Георгий Григорьевич Мачитидзе, к. и. н., старший научный сотрудник
Центр ближневосточных и африканских исследований
119454
пр-т Вернадского, 76
Москва
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Мачитидзе Г.Г. Развитие системы здравоохранения в Иране. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;(2):70-77. https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-70-77
For citation:
Machitidze G.G. Development of the health system in Iran. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(2):70-77. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-70-77
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