Risk factors modification as a preventive strategy in mortality reduction caused by digestive organs malignant neoplasms

Purpose of this study is to research contribution of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) risk factors (RF) to the prevalence rate of digestive organs diseases and risks of digestive system malignant neoplasms development in the context of Omsk region municipal districts. Material and methods: the analysis includes following risk factors (RF): unhealthy diets, overweight, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity with proved causal relationship with of digestive organs diseases such as stomach and duodenal ulcer, gastritis and duodenitis, liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, and with digestive organs malignant neoplasms (MNP): esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer and intrahepatic bile ducts cancer. This research used Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service statistic material. Statistic material processing was conducted using traditional correlation analysis and the estimation of reliability of data differences method. Correlation analysis was carried out using online-calculator of statistics on the www.medstatistic.ru website. Results: the group of region municipal districts with the most unfavorable population mortality rates for malignant neoplasms has “unhealthy diets” RF associated with high risk of stomach cancer development, “overweight” RF associated with high risk of colorectal cancer and liver cancer development, “harmful use of alcohol” RF associated with high risk of stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer development, “physical inactivity” RF associated with high risk of stomach cancer development. Conclusion: the analysis made it possible to determine priorities in primary prevention of oncological diseases strategy in Omsk region municipal districts and to form key MNP development risk groups among region population to be targeted by preventive measures.

risk factors, chronic non-communicable diseases, digestive organs, malignant neoplasms, prevention

1. Balanova Yu.A., Kontsevaya A. V., Myrzamatova A. O., et al. Economic damage associated with excess salt intake of Russian people in 2016. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2019;18(4):62-68. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2019-4-62-68 @@Баланова Ю. А., Концевая А. В., Мырзаматова А. О. и соавт. Экономический ущерб, ассоциированный с избыточным потреблением соли в Российской Федерации в 2016 году. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019, том18, № 4, с. 62-68.doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2019-4-62-68.

2. Whiteman D. C., Wilson L. F. The fractions of cancer attributable to modifiable factors: A global review. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:203-221. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.06.013

3. Yusuf S., Joseph P., Rangarajan S. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet online. 2020;395(10226):755-838. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.

4. Islami F., Goding Sauer A., Miller K. D., et al. Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):31-54. doi: 10.3322/caac.21440.

5. Brown K.F., Rumgay H., Dunlop C., et al.The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 2015. Br J Cancer. 2018;118(8):1130-1141. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0029-6.

6. Ivashkin V. T., Mayev I. V., Kaprin A. D., et.al. Early Detection of Oncological Diseases of the Digestive System (Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Association of Oncologists for Primary Care Physicians).Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2019; 29(5):53-74. (In Russ.) doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-5-53-74. @@Ивашкин В. Т., Маев И. В., Каприн А. Д., и соавт. Раннее выявление онкологических заболеваний органов пищеварения (методическое руководство Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации и Ассоциации онкологов России для врачей первичного звена здравоохранения). Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2019, том 29, № 5, с. 53-74.

7. Islami F., Chen W., Yu X. Q., et.al. Cancer deaths and cases attributable to lifestyle factors and infections in China, 2013. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(10):2567-2574. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx342.

8. Kontsevaya A. V., Mukaneeva D. K., Myrzamatova A. O., et al. Economic damage of risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from major chronic non-communicable diseases in Russia in 2016. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2020;19(1):48-55. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-1-2396. @@Концевая А. В., Муканеева Д. К., Мырзаматова А. О. и соавт. Экономический ущерб факторов риска, обусловленный их вкладом в заболеваемость и смертность от основных хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в Российской Федерации в 2016 году. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020; том 19, № 1, с. 48-55. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-1-2396

9. Swindle T., Rutledge J. M., Selig J. P., et.al. Obesity prevention practices in early care and education settings: an adaptive implementation trial. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13012-021-01185-1.

10. Kaprin A. D., Starinsky V. V., Shakhzodov A. O., et al. Zlokachestvennyye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2019 godu (zabolevayemost’ i smertnost’) [Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2019 (morbidity and mortality)] Moscow. Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NMITs Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia Publ., 2020, vol.1, pp.137-230. Available at: https://glavonco.ru/ (accessed 26 November 2021). @@Каприн А. Д., Старинский В. В., Шахзодова А. О., «ред». Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2019 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: Филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2020, с. 137-230. https://glavonco.ru/