Факторы риска рака желудка как основа разработки прогностической карты для регистра больных с предраковыми гастродуоденальными заболеваниями

Статья представляет собой критический анализ мировой научной литературы, посвященной поиску факторов риска возникновения рака желудка для своевременного прогноза этого заболевания и проведения мероприятий канцеропревенции. В работе приведены данные многочисленных исследований по определению роли факторов внешней среды, в том числе неблагоприятной экологии, а также пола, возраста, курения, злоупотребления алкоголем. Представлены мнения авторов о существенной роли в генезе новообразований в желудке алиментарного фактора, в том числе преобладания в пище животных жиров, злоупотребления пережаренной, маринованной пищи, богатой нитрозоаминами, насыщенными пряностями продуктами, употребления слишком горячей пищи, использования в питании продуктов, зараженных микотоксинами. Отмечена роль факторов внутренней среды в прогнозе рака желудка: состояние секреторной активности желудка, динамика воспалительных и атрофических процессов в слизистой оболочке. Особая роль для прогноза рака желудка многими авторами отводится пилорическому геликобактеру, а также количественному показателю гликозированного гемоглобина крови и его динамике. Неоднозначно значение генетических изменений в генезе рака желудка и их роль как факторов прогноза заболевания. В статье обращено внимание на разнонаправленные результаты многих авторов в осмыслении большого числа ими изученных факторов, которые могли бы быть использованы в качестве прогностических свидетелей рака желудка. Обосновывается целесообразность поиска наиболее значимых региональных факторов прогноза рака желудка, на основе которых очень важно создавать регистры больных с предраковыми заболеваниями желудка для организации и проведения персонифицированных и действенных мероприятий канцеропревенции.

pак желудка, факторы риска, предраковые заболевания, прогноз рака желудка

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