The study about prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Saint Petersburg

Introduction. Exceeding the normative indicators of human body weight at a later age occurs metabolic disorders correlating with obesity. An increase in the incidence and spread of obesity and metabolic syndrome in cases of risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, overeating, the use of high-calorie foods and tobacco, a state of chronic stress. The most popular method for identifying the risks of developing obesity in children and adolescents is monitoring the dynamics of the body mass index of children and adolescents with the aim of early detection of an upward trend in order to justify and develop a set of measures aimed at maintaining weight within the normative indicators. The aim: to identify the frequency of the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the population of children, adolescents and adults from among the residents of St. Petersburg, followed by a comparative assessment of the data. Materials and methods: A team of authors carried out work to determine anthropometric indicators (body weight and height) and calculate body mass index in 74 children aged 9-12 years, 137 adolescents 13-18 years old and 55 adults, whose average age was 49.12 ± 17, 03 years old. The work was attended by students of secondary state educational institutions of St. Petersburg and adult patients who were being treated in the Saint Petersburg City Hospital of Saint Martyr Elizabeth. The sample was random: when collecting data from children and adolescents, the indicators of one of the classes in each parallel from 4 to 11 grades were taken into account, when collecting data from adult respondents, a blind sample of two people from each ward of the gastroenterological department of the Saint Petersburg City Hospital of Saint Martyr Elizabeth. Data collection carried out from August to December 2020. Statistical processing and analysis of the results performed by using the SPSS Statistics 17.0 software package. The results: An increase in body weight was detected in 6.8% of children (5.4% - overweight and 1.4% - obese of the 1st degree), in 14.6% of adolescents (11.7% - overweight and 2.9% - obesity of the 1st degree) and in 62% of adults (36% - overweight, 13% - obesity of the 1st degree, 7% - obesity of the 2nd degree, 6% - obese of the 3rd degree). During the correlation analysis, it was observed that the proportion of overweight people in the observed age categories increased with age (p <0.05). The conclusions: There is an increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity among residents of St. Petersburg during the age. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out communication among parents of preschoolers and schoolchildren in the field of health care aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent the early development of overweight.

obesity, overweight, body mass index, adolescents, children

1. Aver’yanov A. P. Ozhirenie u detei i podrostkov: kliniko-metabolicheskie osobennosti, lechenie, prognoz i profilaktika oslozhnenii [Obesity in children and adolescents: clinical and metabolic features, treatment, prognosis and prevention of complications]. Saratov; 2009: 378 P. (In Russ.)@@ Аверьянов А. П. Ожирение у детей и подростков: клинико-метаболические особенности, лечение, прогноз и профилактика осложнений: дис… докт. мед. наук. Саратов; 2009: 378с.

2. The current epidemic situation in Russia and the world. Available at: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/korono_virus/epid.php (accessed: January 09, 2022). @@ Актуальная эпидемическая ситуация в России и мире. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/korono_virus/epid.php (Дата обращения: 09 января 2022 г.)

3. Vernigorova H. B. Analysis of case rate and prevalence of obesity in group of children and teenagers in the conditions of northern territories. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2012; 4. (In Russ.) @@ Вернигорова H. B. Анализ заболеваемости и распространенности ожирения в группе детей и подростков в условиях северных территорий. Медицина и образование в Сибири: электронный журнал. 2012; № 4.

4. Dedov I.I., Mel’nichenko G.A., Butrova S. A., et al. [Obesity in adolescents in Russia]. Obesity and metabolism. 2006;(4): 30-34. (In Russ.)@@ Дедов И. И., Мельниченко Г. А., Бутрова С. А. и др. Ожирение у подростков в России. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2006; № 4: 30-34.

5. Zhuravleva O.V., Romantsova E. B., Babtseva A. F. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Blagoveshchensk. Bukvits Publ., 2012: 29 P. (In Russ.)@@ Журавлева О. В., Романцова Е. Б., Бабцева А. Ф. Метаболический синдром у детей и подростков: учебное пособие. Благовещенск: Буквиц, 2012: 29 с.

6. Leont’eva I.V. [Metabolic syndrome as a pediatric problem].Russian Bulletin of perinatology and pediatrics. 2008; 53 (3): 4-16. (In Russ.)@@ Леонтьева И. В. Метаболический синдром как педиатрическая проблема. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2008; 53 (3): 4-16.

7. Malievskii O.A., Maslova N. G. [Prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents]. Arkhangel’sk, 2013. 26 P. (In Russ.)@@ Малиевский O. A., Маслова Н. Г. Распространенность ожирения и избыточной массы тела у детей и подростков. Материалы IX Всероссийской научно-практической конференции детских эндокринологов. Архангельск, 2013: 26.

8. Ogryzko E.V., Shelepova E. A., Tyurina E. M. [Statistics of obesity in children in the Russian Federation for 2014-2018]. Menedzher Zdravookhraneniya. 2020; 4: 37-42. (In Russ.)@@ Огрызко Е. В., Шелепова Е. А., Тюрина Е. М. Статистика ожирения у детей в Российской Федерации за 2014-2018 годы. Менеджер Здравоохранения. 2020; 4: 37-42.

9. Ahmedova R. M., Sofronova L. V., Trefilov R. N. Prevalence and gender characteristics of obesity in adolescents in the city of perm. Current Pediatrics. 2014;13(5):37-41. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v13i5.1148.

10. COVID-19 and Obesity: The 2021 Atlas. World Obesity Federation. 2021. Available at: https://www.worldobesityday.org/assets/downloads/COVID-19-and-Obesity-The-2021-Atlas.pdf (accessed: July 05, 2021).

11. Manna P., Jain S. K. Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2015; 13 (10): 423-444.

12. Marseglia L., Manti S., D’Angelo G., Nicotera A., Parisi E., Di Rosa G., Gitto E., Arrigo T. Oxidative stress in obesity: a critical component in human diseases.International journal of molecular sciences. 2014; 16 (1): 378-400.

13. Santos A., Magro D. O., Evangelista-Poderoso R., Saad M. J.A. Diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance in COVID-19: molecular interrelationship and therapeutic implications. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2021; Vol. 13 (23): 1-14.

14. Weiss R., Dziura J., Burgert T. S. et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. NEJM. 2004; 350: 2362-2374.

15. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): report on the fourth round of data collection, 2015-2017. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

16. Zimmet P., Alberti G., Kaufman F., et al.International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Lancet. 2007; 369: 2059-2061.

17. Zimmet P., Alberti K. G., Kaufman F., et al. IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007; 8 (5): 299-306.