Nutritional status in stenosing diseases of the esophagus accompanied by sarcopenia

Objective: to analyze the nutritional status in patients with stenotic diseases of the esophagus.

Materials and methods. Indicators of nutritional status were determined in 32 patients with benign and malignant diseases of the esophagus using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold thickness measurement.

Results. The patients were predominantly male — 24 (75%), aged 59.8±13.0 (median 62.5) years, with a body mass index of 16.4–32.3 kg/m², an average of 23.6±4.4 kg/m². Body mass deficiency in patients with malignant strictures was in 32%, with benign — in 8%. In 19% BIA revealed muscle deficiency, only in patients with malignant strictures. Adipose tissue deficiency was determined in 28%, in combination with sarcopenia — in 12.5% of all patients and in 21% — with malignant strictures. Increased fat content was in 28%, sarcopenic obesity — in 5%. Increased fat content with normal muscle mass was in 31% of patients with benign strictures and in 16% of patients with malignant diseases. The basal metabolic rate was 2566 ± 408 kcal. There was a decrease in bone mass in 12.5%, total body water — in 9%, an increased visceral fat — in 25%.

The metabolic age was on average 9.2 years lower in 81% of patients. In patients with esophagus diseases the skinfolds thickness was lower on the iliac crest, on biceps and triceps and medial calf (p = 0.02).

Conclusion. To assess the nutritional status, identify sarcopenia and other predictors of the outcomes in order to correct them, the analysis of body composition is necessary.

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