The main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of constipation

Abstract

The article presents data on the etiology, classification and pathogenesis of constipation, discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patient data according to the latest recommendations. Constipation is extremely common in medical practice. Manifestations of constipation adversely affect the quality of life of patients, their daily activity and exacerbate the course of somatic pathology. Depending on the cause, primary, secondary and idiopathic constipation are distinguished. In the pathogenesis of constipation, an important role belongs to impaired motility of the colon, the functioning of the rectum, anal sphincter, muscles of the pelvic floor and the abdominal wall. When examining a patient, possible causes of constipation should be identified, and anorectal pathology should be excluded. In the treatment it is necessary to use a comprehensive and a stepwise approach. As a first-line therapy, osmotic (polyethylene glycol) and stimulant laxatives are recommended. Conclusion. Knowledge of the causes, pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria will allow clinicians to differentiate between subtypes of constipation followed by the appointment of effective treatments.