The role of commensal gut bacteria in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Akkermansia muciniphila

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increasing socio-medical and economic significance for humans. Although the aetiopathogenesis of IBD is not fully established, it is believed that the imbalance of intestinal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and modification of the intestinal immune system are the most important triggering mechanisms of risk, development and progression of IBD, their relapses and activation. Epidemiological, microbiological and immunological studies have identified some pathogenic and commensal intestinal bacteria that can induce disturbances of local immune responses and predispose the risk of IBD. The review deals with the mechanism of participation of commensal intestinal anaerobic gram-negative Akkermansia muciniphila in the destruction and metabolism of the intestinal mucosa and modulation of epigenetic mechanisms, physiological, metabolic, immune and signal functions associated with the development of IBD. The use and limitations of these living bacterial commensals and their low molecular weight components and metabolites in the prevention and treatment of IBD are discussed. Challenges, limitations and potential improvement strategies using some commensal anaerobic bacteria and fecal microbiota transplantation in IBD are also considered.

хронические воспалительные заболевания кишечника, этиопатогенез, комменсальная микробиота кишечника, Akkermansia muciniphila, дисфункции локальных иммунных ответов, кишечное воспаление, пробиотики, метабиотики, трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, нелекарственные приемы при ВЗК, inflammation bowel disease, aetiopathogenesis, commensal gut microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila, dysfunction of local immune responses, intestinal inflammation, probiotics, metabiotics, FMT, clinical application in IBD