Неочевидная близость между метаболическим синдромом, когнитивным дефицитом, астроцитарной дисфункцией и глимфатической активностью мозга: общие закономерности и связи

Метаболический синдром традиционно ассоциируется с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, ожирением и диабетом 2-го типа и играет критическую роль в их развитии, одновременно с этим все больше рассматривается его причинно-следственная связь с формированием когнитивного дефицита и прогрессией нейродегенеративных расстройств. Длительная метаболическая дисрегуляция может вызывать изменение фенотипа и функциональной роли астроцитов, что проявляется нарушением гидродинамики мозга, субстратного обеспечения и взаимосвязей между нейронами, снижением глимфатического клиренса метаболитов, накоплением нейротоксических белков и в последующем ухудшением когнитивной продуктивности. Дисфункция астроцитов и прямое влияние на метаболическое снабжение нейронов, гомеостаз метаболитов мозга и процессы синаптической пластичности и функциональной активности нервных клеток может быть важным механизмом, открывающим уникальную возможность для модификации многих заболеваний, в том числе различных аспектов метаболического синдрома и нейродегенеративных процессов.

метаболический синдром, обмен веществ, когнитивные нарушения, астроциты, аквапорин-4, астроглиоз, глимфатическая система мозга, нейродегенерация, дисфункция

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