The role of dyslipidemia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus in the genesis of comorbid conditions in children

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a known cause of atherosclerosis and directly contributes to the current epidemic in cardio-vascular disease. Pregnancy is typified by an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides pushed by the rise in estrogen, progesterone and lactogen. Mobilization of stored fat depots in late pregnancy may provide a reservoir of fatty acids for fetal growth and placental tissue steroid synthesis. This physiologic increase in lipids performs an essential role during pregnancy. However, elevated levels of lipids in predisposed women can carry increased risk for maternal-fetal complications. Hyperlipidemia during pregnancy is associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and gestational diabetes. Lipid profile abnormalities in maternal patients with GDM increase the risk of vascular injury, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Offspring of these mothers show a propensity to enhanced fatty streak formation and an increased risk of progressive atherosclerosis, neurological, cognitive and emotional disorders