<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МИКРОФЛОРА ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА И ОЖИРЕНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоранская</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loranskaya</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gastrormapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купаева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupaeva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лоранская И.Д., Степанова Е.В., Купаева В.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лоранская И.Д., Степанова Е.В., Купаева В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loranskaya I.D., Stepanova E.V., Kupaeva V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/671">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/671</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о механизмах развития ожирения при нарушениях кишечного микробиоценоза, перспективы использования биокоррекции микрофлоры в лечении метаболических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review deals modern ideas about mechanisms of obesity development due to disorders of gut microbiota, prospects of using probiotics and prebiotics in treatment of metabolics diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрофлора кишечника</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>metabolics diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрианова О. Л., Мирсаева Г. Х., Ибрагимова Л. А. Эффективная стратегия ожирения// Эндокринология.-2015.-№ 3.-С.51-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Андрианова О. Л., Мирсаева Г. Х., Ибрагимова Л. А. Эффективная стратегия ожирения// Эндокринология.-2015.-№ 3.-С.51-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарднер Д., Шобек Д. Базисная и клиническая эндокринология. - 2011.-Кн.1, М.: Бином.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гарднер Д., Шобек Д. Базисная и клиническая эндокринология. - 2011.-Кн.1, М.: Бином.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев А. В. Желудочно-кишечный тракт как среда обитания микробов. Раздел 1. Морфология желудочно-кишечного бактериального биотопа. - 2004.-М.: СИЛМА. - 123 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Григорьев А. В. Желудочно-кишечный тракт как среда обитания микробов. Раздел 1. Морфология желудочно-кишечного бактериального биотопа. - 2004.-М.: СИЛМА. - 123 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лоранская И. Д., Болдырева М. Н., Лаврентьева О. А., Мулухова Э. В. Пристеночная микрофлора кишечника. М.: Прима Принт.-2015.-100 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лоранская И. Д., Болдырева М. Н., Лаврентьева О. А., Мулухова Э. В. Пристеночная микрофлора кишечника. М.: Прима Принт.-2015.-100 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации МР 2.3.1.2432-08. М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителя и благополучия человека.-2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации МР 2.3.1.2432-08. М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителя и благополучия человека.-2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шварц В. Жировая ткань как эндокринный орган.// Проблемы эндокринологии. - 2009. - Т. 55, № 1. С. 38-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шварц В. Жировая ткань как эндокринный орган.// Проблемы эндокринологии. - 2009. - Т. 55, № 1. С. 38-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguirre M., Venema K. The use of fecal samples for studying human obesity.//Europ. J. of Epidemiology.-2015. - 30.-P.1067-1069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguirre M., Venema K. The use of fecal samples for studying human obesity.//Europ. J. of Epidemiology.-2015. - 30.-P.1067-1069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Mushref M. and Srinivasan S. Effect of high fat-diet and obesity on gastrointestinal motility.//Annals of Translational Medicine.2013,1, 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Mushref M. and Srinivasan S. Effect of high fat-diet and obesity on gastrointestinal motility.//Annals of Translational Medicine.2013,1, 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backhed F., Manchester J. K., Semenkovich C. F., Gordon J. I. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 2007. - V. 104. - P. 979-984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backhed F., Manchester J. K., Semenkovich C. F., Gordon J. I. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 2007. - V. 104. - P. 979-984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaser M. J. Missing Microbes. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. 2014. 274 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaser M. J. Missing Microbes. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. 2014. 274 pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caesar R., Fak F., Backhed F. Effects of gut microbiota on obesity and atherosclerosis via modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism.//J Intern Med 2010. - 268 (4).-P.320-328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caesar R., Fak F., Backhed F. Effects of gut microbiota on obesity and atherosclerosis via modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism.//J Intern Med 2010. - 268 (4).-P.320-328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canfora E. E., Jocken J. W., Black E. E. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity.//Nat Rev Endocrinol.-2015,11. - P. 297-313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canfora E. E., Jocken J. W., Black E. E. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity.//Nat Rev Endocrinol.-2015,11. - P. 297-313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chambers E. S. et. al. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.//Gut,2015, 64. - P. 1744-1754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chambers E. S. et. al. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.//Gut,2015, 64. - P. 1744-1754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collado M. C., Isolauri E., Laitinen K. and Salminen S. Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women.//Am J Clin Nutrition.-2008,88. - P. 894-899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collado M. C., Isolauri E., Laitinen K. and Salminen S. Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women.//Am J Clin Nutrition.-2008,88. - P. 894-899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox L. M., Blaser M. J. Pathways in microbe-induced obesity.//Cell Metabolism.-2013. - 17(6). - P. 883-894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox L. M., Blaser M. J. Pathways in microbe-induced obesity.//Cell Metabolism.-2013. - 17(6). - P. 883-894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David L. A., Maurice C. F., Carmody R. N. et. al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.//Nature.-2014.-505. - P. 559-563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David L. A., Maurice C. F., Carmody R. N. et. al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.//Nature.-2014.-505. - P. 559-563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Filippo C., Cavalieri D., Di Paola M. et. al. Impact of diet shaping gut microbiota revealed by а comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa.//Proc Natl Acad Sci.-2010.-107.-P.14691-14696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Filippo C., Cavalieri D., Di Paola M. et. al. Impact of diet shaping gut microbiota revealed by а comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa.//Proc Natl Acad Sci.-2010.-107.-P.14691-14696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Wit N., Derrien M., Bosch-Vermeulen H. et. al. Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine.// Am J.of Phys Gastrointestinal Liver Phy.2012. - 303(5). - G589-G599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Wit N., Derrien M., Bosch-Vermeulen H. et. al. Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine.// Am J.of Phys Gastrointestinal Liver Phy.2012. - 303(5). - G589-G599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degen D. L. and Phillips S. F. Variability of gastrointestinal transit in healthy women and men.//Gut.1996.-39. - P. 299-305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degen D. L. and Phillips S. F. Variability of gastrointestinal transit in healthy women and men.//Gut.1996.-39. - P. 299-305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeWeerdt S. Microbiome: A complicated relation-ship status.//Nature.-2014.-508. - S 61-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeWeerdt S. Microbiome: A complicated relation-ship status.//Nature.-2014.-508. - S 61-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowsey M. M., Choong P. F. M. Obese diabetic patients are at substantial risk for deep infection after primary TKA. // Clin Orthop Relat Res. - 2009. - V. 467(6). - P. 1577-1581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowsey M. M., Choong P. F. M. Obese diabetic patients are at substantial risk for deep infection after primary TKA. // Clin Orthop Relat Res. - 2009. - V. 467(6). - P. 1577-1581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fried M., Hainer V., Basdevant A. et. al. Interdisciplinary European guidelines on surgery of severe obesity.//Obes. Facts.-2008. - Vol. 1. - P. 52-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fried M., Hainer V., Basdevant A. et. al. Interdisciplinary European guidelines on surgery of severe obesity.//Obes. Facts.-2008. - Vol. 1. - P. 52-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furet J. P., Kong L. C., Tap J. et. al. Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers.//Diabetes. - 2010. - 59. - P. 3049-3057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furet J. P., Kong L. C., Tap J. et. al. Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers.//Diabetes. - 2010. - 59. - P. 3049-3057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaci N., Borrel G., Tottey W. et. al. Archea and the human gut: new beginning of an old story.//World J. of Gastroenterology.2014.-20.-P.16062-16078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaci N., Borrel G., Tottey W. et. al. Archea and the human gut: new beginning of an old story.//World J. of Gastroenterology.2014.-20.-P.16062-16078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasbarrini A. The gut microbiota. The 4 organ of the digestive system.Composition, functions and related diseases. Verduci Editore.-2013. - 74 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasbarrini A. The gut microbiota. The 4 organ of the digestive system.Composition, functions and related diseases. Verduci Editore.-2013. - 74 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlsson С. L., Onnerfalt J., Xu J. et. al. The microbiota of the gut in pre-school children with normal and excessive body weight.//Obesity.2012, 20. - P. 2257-2261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlsson С. L., Onnerfalt J., Xu J. et. al. The microbiota of the gut in pre-school children with normal and excessive body weight.//Obesity.2012, 20. - P. 2257-2261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keenan M. J. et. al. Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity and insulin resistance.//Adv Nutr 2015. - 6.-P.198-205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keenan M. J. et. al. Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity and insulin resistance.//Adv Nutr 2015. - 6.-P.198-205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan M. Y. et al. A review on obesity and its management.// Int. Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research- 2012. - Volume 3, Issue 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan M. Y. et al. A review on obesity and its management.// Int. Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research- 2012. - Volume 3, Issue 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krznarić Z, Vranešić Bender D, Kunović A, Kekez D, Stimac D. Gut Microbiota and Obesity.// Dig Dis. - 2012. - 30(2). - Р.196-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krznarić Z, Vranešić Bender D, Kunović A, Kekez D, Stimac D. Gut Microbiota and Obesity.// Dig Dis. - 2012. - 30(2). - Р.196-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Chatelier E., Nielsen T., Qin J. et. al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.//Nature. - 2014. - 500. - P. 541-546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Chatelier E., Nielsen T., Qin J. et. al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.//Nature. - 2014. - 500. - P. 541-546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ley R. E., Backhed F., Turnbaugh P., Lozupone C. A., Knight R. D. and Gordon J. I. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology.// Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA.-2005.-V. 102. - P. 11070-11075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ley R. E., Backhed F., Turnbaugh P., Lozupone C. A., Knight R. D. and Gordon J. I. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology.// Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA.-2005.-V. 102. - P. 11070-11075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ley R. E., Turnbaugh P. J., Klein S. and Gordon J. I. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity.//Nature.-2006.-444. - P. 1022-1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ley R. E., Turnbaugh P. J., Klein S. and Gordon J. I. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity.//Nature.-2006.-444. - P. 1022-1023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin H. V. et. al. Butirate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor3 - independent mechanisms. //PLoS One 7.-2012, e35240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin H. V. et. al. Butirate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor3 - independent mechanisms. //PLoS One 7.-2012, e35240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Y., Fan C., Li P. et. al. Short chain fatty acids prevent high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating G protein-coupled receptors and gut microbiota.//Nature, 2016.-6. - P. 1-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Y., Fan C., Li P. et. al. Short chain fatty acids prevent high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating G protein-coupled receptors and gut microbiota.//Nature, 2016.-6. - P. 1-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marteau P. The gut microbiota in 20 questions. John Libbey Eurotext.-2014. - 42p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marteau P. The gut microbiota in 20 questions. John Libbey Eurotext.-2014. - 42p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nam Y.-D., Jung M.-J., Roh S. W. et. al. Comparative analysis of Korean human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. 2011. - PloS One 6. - e22109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nam Y.-D., Jung M.-J., Roh S. W. et. al. Comparative analysis of Korean human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. 2011. - PloS One 6. - e22109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts K. T., Allen-Vercoe E., Williams S. A. et. al. Comparative study of the in vitro fermentative characteristics of fenugreek gum, white bread and bread with fenugreek gum using human faecal microbes.// Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 2015,5. - P. 116-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts K. T., Allen-Vercoe E., Williams S. A. et. al. Comparative study of the in vitro fermentative characteristics of fenugreek gum, white bread and bread with fenugreek gum using human faecal microbes.// Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 2015,5. - P. 116-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarpellini E., Tack J. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: an inflammatory condition.//Dig Dis 2012. - 30 (2). - P. 148-153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarpellini E., Tack J. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: an inflammatory condition.//Dig Dis 2012. - 30 (2). - P. 148-153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan J. et. al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease.//Adv Immunol.-2014.-121, P. 91-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan J. et. al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease.//Adv Immunol.-2014.-121, P. 91-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torralladona D., Harris C. I. and Fuller M. F. Pigs gastrointestinal microflora provide them with essential amino acids.//J. of Nutrition. 2003.-133.-P.1127-1131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torralladona D., Harris C. I. and Fuller M. F. Pigs gastrointestinal microflora provide them with essential amino acids.//J. of Nutrition. 2003.-133.-P.1127-1131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tremalori V., Backhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism.//Nature.-2012. - 489(7415). - P. 242-249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tremalori V., Backhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism.//Nature.-2012. - 489(7415). - P. 242-249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker A. W. et. al. pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial population and short-chain fatty acids ratios within microbial communities from the human colon.//Appl Environ Microbiol.-2005,71. - P. 3692-3700.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker A. W. et. al. pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial population and short-chain fatty acids ratios within microbial communities from the human colon.//Appl Environ Microbiol.-2005,71. - P. 3692-3700.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang M., Yang X.-J. Effects of a high fat diet on intestinal microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases.// World J. of Gastroenterology. 2016. - 22(40). - P. 8905-8909.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang M., Yang X.-J. Effects of a high fat diet on intestinal microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases.// World J. of Gastroenterology. 2016. - 22(40). - P. 8905-8909.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
