nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»nogr-651Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTIONВЛИЯНИЕ КИШЕЧНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ НА ЭПИГЕНЕТИКУ: МЕХАНИЗМЫ, РОЛЬ В РАЗВИТИИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ, ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЙ И ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛINFLUENCE OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON EPIGENETICS: MECHANISMS, ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALАйтбаевК. А.AitbaevK. A.murkamilov.i@mail.ruМуркамиловИ. Т.MurkamilovI. T.noemail@neicon.ruФоминВ. В.FominV. V.noemail@neicon.ruМуркамиловаЖ. А.MurkamilovaZh. A.noemail@neicon.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт молекулярной биологии и медициныРоссияScientific Research Institute of Molecular Biology and MedicineRussian FederationКыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева; Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияKyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I. K. Akhunbayev; Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University named after the First President of Russia B. N. YeltsinRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. СеченоваРоссияFSAEI HE First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. SechenovRussian FederationЦентр семейной медицины № 7РоссияFamily Medicine Center № 7Russian Federation20182006201806122129Copyright © Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А., 20182018Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А.Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Murkamilova Z.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/651

Разработка и внедрение в практику высокопроизводительных молекулярно-генетических методов позволили, в последние годы, повысить наши знания об эпигеноме и микробиоме, что, в свою очередь, пролило свет на механизмы развития различных патологий, таких как рак, иммуно-опосредованные, метаболические и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Было выяснено, что дисбиоз кишечной микробиоты (КМ), который часто сопровождает эти заболевания, может влиять на эпигенетические механизмы регуляции активности отдельных генов как непосредственно через изменение состава КМ, так и косвенно, через изменения их метаболитов, которые представляют собой различные биологически активные вещества (короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты, биотин, фолиевая кислота и другие биологически активные молекулы). И действительно, корреляции между эпигенетическими механизмами регуляции активности генов хозяина, с одной стороны, и изменениями в составе его микробиоты кишечника или метаболитов, продуцируемых кишечными микроорганизмами - с другой, были установлены при некоторых заболеваниях. Всё это послужило основанием предполагать, что КМ может стать диагностическим маркером для определенных болезней, а сбалансирование дисбактериоза КМ путем трансплантации в неё здоровой микрофлоры - эффективной терапевтической стратегией. В данной статье мы обсуждаем связь между дисбактериозом кишечной микробиоты и эпигеномом хозяина, а также возможность использования микробиома и эпигенома в качестве диагностических и терапевтических мишеней.

The development and introduction of high-performance molecular genetic methods into practice allowed us, in recent years, to increase our knowledge of the epigenome and microbiome, which shed light on the mechanisms of development of various pathologies, such as cancer, immune-mediated, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It was found that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota (GM), which often accompanies these diseases, can affect the epigenetic mechanisms of the regulation of the activity of individual genes either directly through a change in the composition of GM, or indirectly, through changes in metabolites, which are various biologically active substances (short-chain fatty acids, biotin, folic acid and other biologically active molecules). Indeed, correlations between epigenetic mechanisms regulating the activity of host genes, on one hand, and changes in the composition of its gut microbiota or metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, on the other, have been established in certain diseases. It served as the basis for assuming that GM can become a diagnostic marker for certain diseases, and that treating the intestinal dysbiosis by transplanting healthy microflora is an effective therapeutic strategy. In this article, we discuss the relationship between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the host’s epigenome, as well as the possibility of using the microbiome and epigenome as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.