nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»nogr-626Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWЧАСТНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ КИШЕЧНИКАPRIVATE THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASESПершкоА. М.PershkoA. M.noemail@neicon.ruГриневичВ. Б.GrinevichV. B.noemail@neicon.ruСоловьевИ. А.SolovyovI. A.noemail@neicon.ruШотикА. В.ShotikA. V.noemail@neicon.ruКурилоД. П.KuriloD. P.kurildns@yandex.ruВоенно-Медицинская Академия им. С. М. КироваРоссияMilitary Medical Academy named after S. M. KirovRussian Federation20182005201805140149Copyright © Першко А.М., Гриневич В.Б., Соловьев И.А., Шотик А.В., Курило Д.П., 20182018Першко А.М., Гриневич В.Б., Соловьев И.А., Шотик А.В., Курило Д.П.Pershko A.M., Grinevich V.B., Solovyov I.A., Shotik A.V., Kurilo D.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/626

Актуальность воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК) обуславливается ростом первичной заболеваемости, а также неопознанностью механизмов их патогенеза. Цель данного обзора - рассмотреть основные и наиболее принципиальные закономерности изменений генома, иммунной системы, роль и участие кишечной микрофлоры в патогенезе этих заболеваний. Данный обзор является обобщением накопленной информации о связи генетической, иммунологической и экспосомной концепции, их роли и влиянии на развитие ВЗК. Результаты. Сделан вывод о том, что патогенетический каскад воспаления при ВЗК начинается с изменений микробиоты и появлении в кишечнике неизвестных антигенов, которые, при определенных генетически детерминированных дефектах иммунной системы, инициируют каскад воспалительных реакций, формирующих клиническую картину болезни Крона (БК) или язвенного колита (ЯК). Патогенез ВЗК однозначно связан с изменениями в экологических факторах. Заключение. Самыми перспективными целями для терапевтического вмешательства в ближайшем будущем с целью снижения воспалительных реакций будут являться кишечная микрофлора и диета.

The relevance of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by the growth of primary morbidity, as well as the lack of identity of the mechanisms of their pathogenesis. The purpose of this review - to consider the basic and most fundamental laws of genome changes, the immune system, the role and participation of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The report is a synthesis of the accumulated information about the relationship of genetic, immunological and exposomes concept, their role and influence on the development of IBD. Results. It is concluded that the pathogenetic cascade of inflammation in IBD begins with changes in microbiota and the appearance of unknown antigens in the intestine, which, in certain genetically determined defects of the immune system, initiate a cascade of inflammatory reactions that form a clinical picture of Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is unambiguously linked to changes in environmental factors. Conclusion. The most promising targets for therapeutic intervention in the near future to reduce inflammatory reactions will be intestinal microflora and diet.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.