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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-240-8-138-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дисплазии соединительной ткани и парадокс TGF-β: новая концепция H. pylori-независимого каскада Correa (обзор, перспективы) и терапевтический таргетинг - Часть III</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Connective tissue dysplasias and the TGF-β paradox: a new concept of the H. pylori-independent Correa cascade (review, perspectives) and therapeutic targeting - Part III</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-0264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудой</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudoy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">andrewrudoj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь («РНПЦ «Кардиология»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Institution «Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Cardiology»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рудой А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рудой А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudoy A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3429">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3429</self-uri><abstract><p>Накопленные экспериментальные и клинико-морфологические данные позволяют предложить концепцию H. pylori-независимого варианта каскада Correa - альтернативного пути канцерогенеза желудка у пациентов с наследственными нарушениями и недифференцированной дисплазией соединительной ткани (ННСТ/НДСТ). В третьей части обзора обобщены литературные сведения и собственные результаты, обосновывающие концепцию. Согласно предложенной модели, инициирующим звеном патологического процесса выступает хроническая гиперактивация сигнального пути TGF-β на фоне врождённой структурной неполноценности внеклеточного матрикса - феномен, обозначаемый как «парадокс TGF-β». Данное состояние формирует H. pylori-независимый вариант предраковой трансформации слизистой оболочки желудка, характеризующийся стадийной эволюцией морфогенетических изменений от атрофии к кишечной метаплазии и дисплазии. Стромальные механизмы при ННСТ / НДСТ формируют протуморогенную микросреду и ускоряют неопластическую прогрессию. Предлагаемая концепция расширяет существующую этиопатогенетическую парадигму рака желудка, выделяя особую когорту пациентов с ННСТ/НДСТ, требующую раннего наблюдения и персонализированного ведения. Клинические следствия включают целевую эндоскопическую стратификацию риска (OLGA/OLGIM), прицельную биопсию и морфологическую верификацию очагов атрофии/метаплазии у пациентов с ННСТ/НДСТ, независимо от статуса H. pylori. Терапевтические импликации охватывают таргетирование TGF-β-оси (ингибиторы TGF-βRI, лиганд-ловушки, комбинации с ингибиторами иммунных контрольных точек), антифибротические стратегии (в том числе сартаны), а также подходы, направленные на раково-ассоциированные фибробласты, и ремоделирование внеклеточного матрикса. Обозначены приоритеты трансляционных исследований и необходимость оценки комбинированных схем терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Accumulating experimental and clinicopathological evidence supports the concept of an H. pylori-independent variant of the Correa cascade - an alternative pathway of gastric carcinogenesis observed in patients with heritable and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasias (HCTD/UDCTD). Part III of the review summarizes both literature data and the author’s own findings supporting this concept. According to the proposed model, the initiating event of the pathological process is the chronic hyperactivation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway against the background of congenital structural deficiency of the extracellular matrix (ECM) - a phenomenon referred to as the “TGF-β paradox.” This condition gives rise to an H. pylori-independent variant of precancerous transformation of the gastric mucosa, characterized by a stepwise morphogenetic evolution from atrophy to intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Stromal mechanisms in HCTD/UDCTD create a protumorigenic microenvironment and accelerate neoplastic progression. The proposed concept expands the current etiopathogenetic paradigm of gastric cancer, identifying a distinct cohort of patients with HCTD/UDCTD who require early surveillance and personalized management. Clinical implications include targeted endoscopic risk stratification (OLGA/OLGIM), site-specific biopsy, and morphological verification of atrophic and metaplastic foci in patients with HCTD/UDCTD, irrespective of H. pylori status. Therapeutic implications encompass targeting of the TGF-β axis (TGF-βRI inhibitors, ligand traps, and combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors), antifibrotic strategies (including sartans), as well as approaches directed toward cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the extracellular and extracellular matrix remodeling. Priorities for translational research and evaluation of combined treatment regimens are outlined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>TGF-β</kwd><kwd>парадокс TGF-β</kwd><kwd>гиперактивация TGF-β-сигналинга</kwd><kwd>дисплазия соединительной ткани (ННСТ/НДСТ)</kwd><kwd>синдром Марфана</kwd><kwd>марфаноподобные фенотипы</kwd><kwd>внеклеточный матрикс (ВКМ)</kwd><kwd>фибриллин-1 (FBN1)</kwd><kwd>рецепторы TGF-β (TGFBR1/2)</kwd><kwd>раково-ассоциированные фибробласты (CAF)</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование ВКМ</kwd><kwd>хронический гастрит</kwd><kwd>атрофия слизистой оболочки желудка</kwd><kwd>кишечная метаплазия</kwd><kwd>дисплазия</kwd><kwd>каскад Correa</kwd><kwd>H. pylori-независимый канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход (ЭМТ)</kwd><kwd>эндотелиально-мезенхимальный переход (ЭндоМТ)</kwd><kwd>ось FAK/LOX</kwd><kwd>химиорезистентность</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы TGF-β</kwd><kwd>сартаны как антифибротическая стратегия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TGF-β</kwd><kwd>TGF-β paradox</kwd><kwd>TGF-β signaling hyperactivation</kwd><kwd>connective tissue dysplasia (HCTD/UDCTD)</kwd><kwd>Marfan syndrome</kwd><kwd>Marfan-like phenotypes</kwd><kwd>extracellular matrix (ECM)</kwd><kwd>fibrillin-1 (FBN1)</kwd><kwd>TGF-β receptors (TGFBR1/2)</kwd><kwd>cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF)</kwd><kwd>ECM remodeling</kwd><kwd>chronic gastritis</kwd><kwd>gastric mucosal atrophy</kwd><kwd>intestinal metaplasia</kwd><kwd>gastric dysplasia</kwd><kwd>Correa cascade</kwd><kwd>H. pylori-independent carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)</kwd><kwd>endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT)</kwd><kwd>FAK/LOX axis</kwd><kwd>chemoresistance</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>TGF-β inhibitors</kwd><kwd>sartans as an antifibrotic strategу</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований в рамках двух научно-исследовательских проектов: «Молекулярные механизмы прогрессирования хронического атрофического гастрита у лиц молодого возраста с марфаноподобным фенотипом» (проект № М13У-001, 2013-2015 гг.) и «Оценка слизистой оболочки желудка у мужчин призывного возраста с хроническим гастритом, ассоциированным с недифференцированной дисплазией соединительной ткани» (проект № М13М-048, 2013-2015 гг.). Исследование также выполнено при поддержке Государственной научно-технической программы «Научно-техническое обеспечение качества и доступности медицинских услуг» (2021-2025 гг.), № государственной регистрации ГР 20 132 073.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Belarusian Foundation for Basic Research through two research projects: “Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Progression in Young Individuals with Marfanoid Phenotype” (Project No. M13U-001, 2013-2015) and “Assessment of the Gastric Mucosa in Military-Age Men with Chronic Gastritis Associated with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia” (Project No. M13M-048, 2013-2015). The study was also supported by the State Scientific and Technical Program “Scientific and Technical Support for the Quality and Availability of Medical Services” (2021-2025), State Registration No. GR 20 132 073.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rudoy A. S. [Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract in young adults associated with hereditary connective tissue disorders (features of clinical presentation, etiology, pathomorphogenesis and prognosis of clinical course)]. Diss. … Med Science. Saint Petersburg: S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; 2009. 49 p.(In Russ.)@@ Рудой А. С. Заболевания верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта у лиц молодого возраста, ассоциированные с наследственными нарушениями соединительной ткани: автореферат диссертации. Санкт-Петербург: ВМА им. С. М. 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