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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-246-2-51-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронический запор у коморбидного пациента - место лактулозы в терапии сложного пациента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic constipation in a comorbid patient - the place of lactulose in the therapy of a complex patient</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspensky</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-3813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4622-9795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ks_rp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Almazov National Medical Center; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Матвеева Е.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Матвеева Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Uspensky Y.P., Fominykh Y.A., Matveeva E.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3393">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3393</self-uri><abstract><p>Запор - часто встречающееся расстройство дефекации сложного генеза у пожилых людей, которое оказывает отрицательное влияние на качество жизни как самого пациента, так и увеличивает расходы на систему общественного здравоохранения. Хотя запор, как таковой, не является физиологическим следствием нормального старения, тем не менее, снижение физической активности, прием ряда лекарственных препаратов, влияющих на моторику толстой кишки, сопутствующие заболевания и ректальная сенсорно-моторная дисфункция могут способствовать его увеличению распространенности среди пожилых людей. Как правило, в этой возрастной категории обычно существует более одного этиологического механизма, что требует системного подхода к лечению. Большинство пациентов реагируют на диету и изменение образа жизни, подкрепленные мерами по тренировке кишечника. Однако, у тех, кто не реагирует на комплекс консервативных методов лечения, подход должен быть индивидуальным, учитывающим все сопутствующие заболевания. В этом случае препаратом выбора у коморбидных пациентов может являться лактулоза, обладающая как свойствами осмотического слабительного, так и выраженными пребиотическими свойствами. Безопасность лактулозы у коморбидных больных обусловлена ее метаболической нейтральностью и отсутствием влияния на систему цитохрома Р450, что минимизирует риски нежелательных лекарственных взаимодействий у пациентов, получающих полипрагмазию по поводу сердечно-сосудистых, эндокринных и других хронических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Constipation is a common condition in older adults, significantly impacting quality of life and healthcare costs. Morbidity and even mortality are reported in frail older adults. Although constipation is not a physiological consequence of normal aging, decreased mobility, medication use, comorbidities, and rectal sensory-motor dysfunction may contribute to its increased prevalence in the elderly. In older adults, there is typically more than one etiologic mechanism, requiring a multifactorial approach to treatment. Most patients respond to diet and lifestyle modifications, supported by bowel training. For those who do not respond to conservative treatment, the approach should be individualized, taking into account all comorbidities. In this case, lactulose, which possesses both osmotic laxative properties and pronounced prebiotic properties, may be the drug of choice for patients with comorbidities. Lactulose’s safety in patients with comorbidities is due to its metabolic neutrality and lack of effect on the cytochrome P450 system, which minimizes the risk of adverse drug interactions in patients receiving polypharmacy for cardiovascular, endocrine, and other chronic diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический запор</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>лактулоза</kwd><kwd>эпителиальная проницаемость</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая патология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic constipation</kwd><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>short-chain fatty acids</kwd><kwd>lactulose</kwd><kwd>epithelial permeability</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular pathology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serkova M. 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