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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-245-1-127-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патология желудочно-кишечного тракта при хронической болезни почек у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in chronic kidney disease in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1039-5604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиженькова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhienkova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-1131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорович</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorovich</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-017X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хижняк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizhnyak</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-5863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елизарова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elizarova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-570X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиваковский</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spivakovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чиженькова Т.М., Сидорович О.В., Хижняк А.В., Елизарова С.Ю., Спиваковский Ю.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чиженькова Т.М., Сидорович О.В., Хижняк А.В., Елизарова С.Ю., Спиваковский Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chizhienkova T.M., Sidorovich O.V., Khizhnyak A.V., Elizarova S.Y., Spivakovsky Y.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3372">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3372</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой обзор, посвященный проблеме поражений желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) у детей с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП). Актуальность темы обусловлена высокой распространенностью гастроинтестинальных симптомов (от 43% до 82,6%), которая прогрессивно нарастает по мере снижения функции почек, достигая 70-80% на терминальной стадии ХБП. Патологические изменения ЖКТ у данной категории пациентов имеют мультифакторный патогенез, ключевыми элементами которого являются уремическая интоксикация, нарушение микробиома кишечника с уменьшением продукции короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, нарушение целостности кишечного барьера и расстройства моторики. Эти механизмы формируют порочный круг двунаправленной оси «кишечник-почка», усугубляя системное воспаление и прогрессирование основного заболевания. В обзоре детально описаны клинические проявления, включая поражения всех отделов ЖКТ. Подчеркивается прямое влияние гастроинтестинальной патологии на развитие белково-энергетической недостаточности и задержку роста, что крайне значимо в педиатрической практике. Сформулированы принципы мультидисциплинарной курации пациентов, основанные на раннем нутритивном скрининге и адресной коррекции нарушений. Делается вывод о необходимости проактивного подхода к диагностике и лечению патологии ЖКТ как неотъемлемой части комплексной помощи ребенку с ХБП для улучшения общего прогноза и качества жизни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is a review devoted to the problem of gastrointestinal tract (GI) injuries in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relevance of the topic is due to the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (from 43% to 82.6%), which increases progressively as kidney function decreases, reaching 70-80% at the terminal stage of CKD. Pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract in this category of patients have a multifactorial pathogenesis, the key ele-ments of which are uremic intoxication, a violation of the intestinal microbiome with a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids, a violation of the in-tegrity of the intestinal barrier and motor disorders. These mechanisms form a vi-cious circle of the bi-directional “gut-kidney” axis, exacerbating systemic in-flammation and the progression of the underlying disease. The review describes in detail the clinical manifestations, including lesions of all parts of the gastroin-testinal tract. The direct influence of gastrointestinal pathology on the develop-ment of protein-energy deficiency and growth retardation is emphasized, which is extremely important in pediatric practice. The principles of multidisciplinary pa-tient management based on early nutritional screening and targeted correction of disorders have been formulated. The conclusion is made about the need for a proactive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal pathology as an integral part of comprehensive care for children with CKD to improve the overall prognosis and quality of life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>патология желудочно-кишечного тракта</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>pathology of the gastrointestinal tract</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emirova H.M., Pankratenko T.E., Generalova T.A. et al. Chronic Kidney Disease in Children. Clinical Guidelines. 2022; (In Rus.)@@ Эмирова Х.М., Панкратенко Т.Е., Генералова Т.А. и соавт. Хроническая болезнь почек у детей. 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