nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-245-1-99-108nogr-3368Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWСтресс эндоплазматического ретикулума в генезе развития язвенного колитаEndoplasmic reticulum stress in the logic of ulcerative colitis developmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5648-824XМосковцевА. А.MoskovtsevA. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-0065ЗайченкоД. М.ZaychenkoD. M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3473-5453АстафьеваЯ. Р.AstafievaYa. R.noemail@neicon.ruМорозовС. Г.MorozovS. G.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-669XПапышеваО. В.PapishevaO. V.noemail@neicon.ruХаритоноваЛ. А.KharitonovaL. A.luba2k@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-3175БабаянМ. Л.BabayanM. L.noemail@neicon.ruФГБНУ «НИИ общей патологии и патофизиологии»РоссияResearch Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «НИИ общей патологии и патофизиологии»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»РоссияResearch Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026160720260199108Copyright © Московцев А.А., Зайченко Д.М., Астафьева Я.Р., Морозов С.Г., Папышева О.В., Харитонова Л.А., Бабаян М.Л., 20262026Московцев А.А., Зайченко Д.М., Астафьева Я.Р., Морозов С.Г., Папышева О.В., Харитонова Л.А., Бабаян М.Л.Moskovtsev A.A., Zaychenko D.M., Astafieva Y.R., Morozov S.G., Papisheva O.V., Kharitonova L.A., Babayan M.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3368

Язвенный колит (ЯК) - хроническое рецидивирующее воспалительное заболевание толстой кишки с распространением поражения от прямой кишки в проксимальном направлении. Патогенетически ЯК можно охарактеризовать как хроническое воспалительное заболевание кишечника (ВЗК), в основе развития которого лежит взаимодействие генетических, иммунологических, экологических факторов и микробиоты кишечника. Причины возникновения язвенного колита до сих пор окончательно не установлены. В обзоре представлены общие механизмы развития язвенного колита, акцент направлен на недостаточно изученные адаптивные реакции кишечного эпителия при ЯК. Содержимое кишечника включает в себя целый ряд агрессивных факторов, потенциально способных вызвать нарушение клеточного гомеостаза и макромолекулярные повреждения в энтероцитах толстой кишки, т. е. так называемый «клеточный стресс». Обсуждается «стресс» эндоплазматического ретикулума (ЭПР) как один из ключевых молекулярных механизмов, вовлеченных в развитие ЯК. Рассматриваются особенности регуляции ответа на стресс ЭПР в слизистой оболочке кишечника, в частности, защитная роль сенсора ЭПР IRE1β как антагониста IRE1α, подавляющего провоспалительные сигналы, поддерживающего барьерную функцию и предотвращающего дизбиоз. Представлены сведения также о других сигнальных вариантах ответа на стресс ЭПР - PERK и ATF6.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that develops through the interaction of genetic, immunological, environmental factors, and intestinal microbiota. The review outlines the current understanding of ulcerative colitis pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the poorly understood adaptive responses of the intestinal epithelium. Enterocytes directly interface with the intestinal lumen, which harbors numerous potentially aggressive factors that can cause disruption of cellular homeostasis and macromolecular damage, ultimately triggering cellular stress responses. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is discussed as one of the key molecular mechanisms involved in the development of UC. The review considers the specific features of regulation of the ER stress response in the intestinal mucosa, in particular, the protective role of the ER sensor IRE1β as an antagonist of IRE1α, which suppresses proinflammatory signals, maintains the barrier function, and prevents dysbiosis. Impaired IRE1β function is associated with increased susceptibility to colitis, making it a potential therapeutic target, for example, to enhance mucin production and restore barrier function in IBD. The review also covers the PERK and ATF6 branches of the ER stress response.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.