<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-245-1-91-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гастроинтестинальные проявления и пищевое поведение при расстройстве аутистического спектра: роль сенсорной дисфункции и микробиоты кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gastrointestinal manifestations and eating behavior in autism spectrum disorder: the role of sensory dysfunction and intestinal microbiota</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1388-1842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-9624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменюк</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenyuk</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-7563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenkov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8364-2879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворожцова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorozhtsova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобанов М.Е., Гуменюк О.И., Черненков Ю.В., Ворожцова А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобанов М.Е., Гуменюк О.И., Черненков Ю.В., Ворожцова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobanov M.E., Gumenyuk O.I., Chernenkov Y.V., Vorozhtsova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3367">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3367</self-uri><abstract><p>Пищевые нарушения и гастроинтестинальные проявления широко распространены у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС), однако остаются гетерогенными по клиническим проявлениям и механизмам формирования. В представленном обзоре обобщены современные данные о роли сенсорной дисфункции и микробиоты кишечника в формировании пищевого поведения и гастроинтестинальных симптомов при РАС. Показано, что сенсорные фенотипы, прежде всего сенсорное избегание и сенсорный поиск стимулов, являются ключевыми детерминантами пищевой избирательности, структуры рациона и характера гастроинтестинальных жалоб. Рассматриваются патофизиологические основы оси «мозг-кишечник-микробиота», включая изменения микробиотного профиля, нарушения барьерной функции кишечника и признаки хронического низкоуровневого воспаления, которые могут усиливать врождённые сенсорные особенности и способствовать закреплению патологических пищевых паттернов у отдельных подгрупп детей с РАС. Отдельное внимание уделено генетическим и эпигенетическим механизмам, влияющим на сенсорную обработку, рецепторную чувствительность и регуляцию аппетита, что частично объясняет высокую межиндивидуальную вариабельность клинических проявлений и неоднородную эффективность стандартных диетологических вмешательств. Подчёркивается необходимость фенотипически ориентированного подхода к оценке пищевых и гастроинтестинальных нарушений при РАС, основанного на комплексном анализе сенсорных особенностей, пищевого поведения и состояния желудочно-кишечного тракта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Eating disorders and gastrointestinal manifestations are widespread in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but they remain heterogeneous in clinical manifestations and mechanisms of formation. This review summarizes current data on the role of sensory dysfunction and intestinal microbiota in the formation of eating behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms in ASD. It has been shown that sensory phenotypes, primarily sensory avoidance and sensory search for stimuli, are key determinants of nutritional selectivity, dietary structure, and the nature of gastrointestinal complaints. The pathophysiological foundations of the brain-gut-microbiota axis are considered, including changes in the microbiota profile, impaired intestinal barrier function, and signs of chronic low-level inflammation, which may enhance innate sensory features and contribute to the consolidation of pathological eating patterns in certain subgroups of children with ASD. Special attention is paid to the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms affecting sensory processing, receptor sensitivity, and appetite regulation, which partially explains the high interindividual variability of clinical manifestations and the heterogeneous effectiveness of standard dietary interventions. The need for a phenotypically oriented approach to the assessment of nutritional and gastrointestinal disorders in ASD is emphasized, based on a comprehensive analysis of sensory characteristics, eating behavior and the state of the gastrointestinal tract.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>пищевое поведение</kwd><kwd>сенсорные фенотипы</kwd><kwd>гастроинтестинальные проявления</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>пищевая избирательность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>eating behavior</kwd><kwd>sensory phenotypes</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal manifestations</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>nutritional selectivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borowitz S.M. First bites-why, when, and what solid foods to feed infants. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2021;9:654171. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.65417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borowitz S.M. First bites-why, when, and what solid foods to feed infants. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2021;9:654171. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.65417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tournier C., Demonteil L., Ksiazek E. et al. Factors associated with food texture acceptance in 4-to 36-month-old French children: Findings from a survey study. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;7:616484. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.616484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tournier C., Demonteil L., Ksiazek E. et al. Factors associated with food texture acceptance in 4-to 36-month-old French children: Findings from a survey study. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;7:616484. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.616484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falck-Ytter T., Bussu G. The sensory-first account of autism. Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 2023;153:105405. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falck-Ytter T., Bussu G. The sensory-first account of autism. Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 2023;153:105405. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nimbley E., Golds L., Sharpe H. et al. Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review. European Eating Disorders Review. 2022;30(5):538-559. doi: 10.1002/erv.2920.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nimbley E., Golds L., Sharpe H. et al. Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review. European Eating Disorders Review. 2022;30(5):538-559. doi: 10.1002/erv.2920.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirizzi P., Esposito M., Ricciardi O. et al. Food Selectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and in Typically Developing Peers: Sensory Processing, Parental Practices, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Nutrients. 2025;17(17):2798. doi: 10.3390/nu17172798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirizzi P., Esposito M., Ricciardi O. et al. Food Selectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and in Typically Developing Peers: Sensory Processing, Parental Practices, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Nutrients. 2025;17(17):2798. doi: 10.3390/nu17172798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chernikova M.A., Flores G.D., Kilroy E. et al. The brain-gut-microbiome system: pathways and implications for autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4497. doi: 10.3390/nu13124497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernikova M.A., Flores G.D., Kilroy E. et al. The brain-gut-microbiome system: pathways and implications for autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4497. doi: 10.3390/nu13124497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iglesias-Vázquez L., Van Ginkel Riba G., Arija V. et al.Composition of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):792. doi: 10.3390/nu12030792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iglesias-Vázquez L., Van Ginkel Riba G., Arija V. et al.Composition of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):792. doi: 10.3390/nu12030792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">West K.A., Yin X., Rutherford E.M. et al. Multi-angle meta-analysis of the gut microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A step toward understanding patient subgroups. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):17034. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21327-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">West K.A., Yin X., Rutherford E.M. et al. Multi-angle meta-analysis of the gut microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A step toward understanding patient subgroups. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):17034. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21327-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yitik Tonkaz G., Esin I.S., Turan B. et al. Determinants of leaky gut and gut microbiota differences in children with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2023;53(7):2703-2716. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05540-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yitik Tonkaz G., Esin I.S., Turan B. et al. Determinants of leaky gut and gut microbiota differences in children with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2023;53(7):2703-2716. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05540-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R.X., Lee J.S., Campbell E.L. et al. Microbiota-derived butyrate dynamically regulates intestinal homeostasis through regulation of actin-associated protein synaptopodin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020;117(21):11648-11657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1917597117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R.X., Lee J.S., Campbell E.L. et al. Microbiota-derived butyrate dynamically regulates intestinal homeostasis through regulation of actin-associated protein synaptopodin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020;117(21):11648-11657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1917597117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morais L.H., Schreiber IV H.L., Mazmanian S.K. The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2021;19(4):241-255. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00460-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morais L.H., Schreiber IV H.L., Mazmanian S.K. The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2021;19(4):241-255. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00460-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blagonravova A.S., Zhilyaeva T.V., Kvashnina D.V.Intestinal microbiota disorders in autism spectrum disorders: new horizons in the search for pathogenetic approaches to therapy. Part 2. The gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2021;2:221-230. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-83.@@ Благонравова А.С., Жиляева Т.В., Квашнина Д.В. Нарушения кишечной микробиоты при расстройствах аутистического спектра: новые горизонты в поиске патогенетических подходов к терапии. Часть 2. Ось кишечник-мозг в патогенезе расстройств аутистического спектра. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021;2:221-230. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagonravova A.S., Zhilyaeva T.V., Kvashnina D.V.Intestinal microbiota disorders in autism spectrum disorders: new horizons in the search for pathogenetic approaches to therapy. Part 2. The gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2021;2:221-230. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-83.@@ Благонравова А.С., Жиляева Т.В., Квашнина Д.В. Нарушения кишечной микробиоты при расстройствах аутистического спектра: новые горизонты в поиске патогенетических подходов к терапии. Часть 2. Ось кишечник-мозг в патогенезе расстройств аутистического спектра. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021;2:221-230. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emelina D.A., Kravchenko I.V., Makarov I.V. et al. The role of systemic inflammation in the development of mental disorders in children: a literature review. Issues of modern pediatrics. 2024;23(4):204-212. doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i4.2780.@@ Емелина Д.А., Кравченко И.В., Макаров И.В. и др. Роль системного воспаления в развитии психических расстройств у детей: обзор литературы. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2024;23(4):204-212. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15690/vsp.v23i4.2780.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelina D.A., Kravchenko I.V., Makarov I.V. et al. The role of systemic inflammation in the development of mental disorders in children: a literature review. Issues of modern pediatrics. 2024;23(4):204-212. doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i4.2780.@@ Емелина Д.А., Кравченко И.В., Макаров И.В. и др. Роль системного воспаления в развитии психических расстройств у детей: обзор литературы. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2024;23(4):204-212. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15690/vsp.v23i4.2780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiong Y., Chen J., Li Y. Microglia and astrocytes underlie neuroinflammation and synaptic susceptibility in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2023;17:1125428. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiong Y., Chen J., Li Y. Microglia and astrocytes underlie neuroinflammation and synaptic susceptibility in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2023;17:1125428. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aziz-Zadeh L., Ringold S.M., Jayashankar A. et al. Relationships between brain activity, tryptophan-related gut metabolites, and autism symptomatology. Nature Communications. 2025;16(1):3465. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58459-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aziz-Zadeh L., Ringold S.M., Jayashankar A. et al. Relationships between brain activity, tryptophan-related gut metabolites, and autism symptomatology. Nature Communications. 2025;16(1):3465. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58459-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Micai M., Fatta L.M., Gila L. et al. Prevalence of co-occurring conditions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 2023;155:105436. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Micai M., Fatta L.M., Gila L. et al. Prevalence of co-occurring conditions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 2023;155:105436. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Ma B., Wang J. et al. Global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its gastrointestinal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022;13:963102. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.963102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., Ma B., Wang J. et al. Global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its gastrointestinal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022;13:963102. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.963102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonbol H.M., Abdelmawgoud A.S., El-Kady N.M. et al. Serum zonulin level in autistic children and its relation to severity of symptoms a case-control study. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):27802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11420-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonbol H.M., Abdelmawgoud A.S., El-Kady N.M. et al. Serum zonulin level in autistic children and its relation to severity of symptoms a case-control study. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):27802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11420-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryants E.O., Chervinets Yu.V., Chervinets V.M. et al. The effect of intestinal dysbiosis on the course of autism spectrum disorders in children: a literature review. Astrakhan Medical Journal. 2024;19(4):16-30. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17021/1992-6499-2024-4-16-30.@@ Григорьянц Э.О., Червинец Ю.В., Червинец В.М. и др. Влияние дисбиоза кишечника на течение расстройств аутистического спектра у детей: обзор литературы. Астраханский медицинский журнал. 2024;19(4):16-30. doi: 10.17021/1992-6499-2024-4-16-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryants E.O., Chervinets Yu.V., Chervinets V.M. et al. The effect of intestinal dysbiosis on the course of autism spectrum disorders in children: a literature review. Astrakhan Medical Journal. 2024;19(4):16-30. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17021/1992-6499-2024-4-16-30.@@ Григорьянц Э.О., Червинец Ю.В., Червинец В.М. и др. Влияние дисбиоза кишечника на течение расстройств аутистического спектра у детей: обзор литературы. Астраханский медицинский журнал. 2024;19(4):16-30. doi: 10.17021/1992-6499-2024-4-16-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardatskaya M.D. The role of synbiotics in correcting disorders of the intestinal microbiota and increased permeability of the intestinal wall. Consilium medicum. 2024;26(5):332-339. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/20751753.2024.5.202929.@@ Ардатская М.Д. Роль синбиотиков в коррекции нарушений микробиоты кишечника и повышенной проницаемости кишечной стенки. Consilium medicum. 2024;26(5):332-339. doi: 10.26442/20751753.2024.5.202929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardatskaya M.D. The role of synbiotics in correcting disorders of the intestinal microbiota and increased permeability of the intestinal wall. Consilium medicum. 2024;26(5):332-339. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/20751753.2024.5.202929.@@ Ардатская М.Д. Роль синбиотиков в коррекции нарушений микробиоты кишечника и повышенной проницаемости кишечной стенки. Consilium medicum. 2024;26(5):332-339. doi: 10.26442/20751753.2024.5.202929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zafirovski K., Aleksoska M.T., Thomas J. et al. Impact of gluten-free and casein-free diet on behavioural outcomes and quality of life of autistic children and adolescents: a scoping review. Children. 2024;11(7):862. doi: 10.3390/children11070862.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zafirovski K., Aleksoska M.T., Thomas J. et al. Impact of gluten-free and casein-free diet on behavioural outcomes and quality of life of autistic children and adolescents: a scoping review. Children. 2024;11(7):862. doi: 10.3390/children11070862.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valenzuela-Zamora A.F., Ramírez-Valenzuela D.G., Ramos-Jiménez A. Food selectivity and its implications associated with gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2022;14(13):2660. doi: 10.3390/nu14132660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valenzuela-Zamora A.F., Ramírez-Valenzuela D.G., Ramos-Jiménez A. Food selectivity and its implications associated with gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2022;14(13):2660. doi: 10.3390/nu14132660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein M., Witthöft M., Jungmann S.M.Interoception in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2025;16:1573263. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1573263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein M., Witthöft M., Jungmann S.M.Interoception in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2025;16:1573263. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1573263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang M., Liu J., Liu K. et al. Microbiome-specific statistical modeling identifies interplay between gastrointestinal microbiome and neurobehavioral outcomes in patients with autism: a case control study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;12:682454. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang M., Liu J., Liu K. et al. Microbiome-specific statistical modeling identifies interplay between gastrointestinal microbiome and neurobehavioral outcomes in patients with autism: a case control study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;12:682454. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gan H., Su Y., Zhang L. et al. Questionnaire-based analysis of autism spectrum disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2023;11:1120728. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1120728.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gan H., Su Y., Zhang L. et al. Questionnaire-based analysis of autism spectrum disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2023;11:1120728. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1120728.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C., Cheng Y., Wu C.T. et al. A sensory signature of unaffected biological parents predicts the risk of autism in their offspring. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2024;78(1):60-68. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C., Cheng Y., Wu C.T. et al. A sensory signature of unaffected biological parents predicts the risk of autism in their offspring. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2024;78(1):60-68. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J.H. Bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 genetic variation (rs10246939), dietary nutrient intake, and bio-clinical parameters in Koreans. Clinical nutrition research. 2023;2(1):40. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi J.H. Bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 genetic variation (rs10246939), dietary nutrient intake, and bio-clinical parameters in Koreans. Clinical nutrition research. 2023;2(1):40. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tapanee P., Tidwell D.K., Schilling M.W. et al. Genetic variation in taste receptor genes (SCNN1B, TRPV1) and its correlation with the perception of saltiness in normotensive and hypertensive adults.International Journal of Hypertension. 2021;2021(1):5559831. doi: 10.1155/2021/5559831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tapanee P., Tidwell D.K., Schilling M.W. et al. Genetic variation in taste receptor genes (SCNN1B, TRPV1) and its correlation with the perception of saltiness in normotensive and hypertensive adults.International Journal of Hypertension. 2021;2021(1):5559831. doi: 10.1155/2021/5559831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chmykhalo V.K., Deev R.V., Tokarev A.T. et al. SWI/SNF complex connects signaling and epigenetic state in cells of nervous system. Molecular Neurobiology. 2025;62(2):1536-1557. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmykhalo V.K., Deev R.V., Tokarev A.T. et al. SWI/SNF complex connects signaling and epigenetic state in cells of nervous system. Molecular Neurobiology. 2025;62(2):1536-1557. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chistol L.T., Bandini L.G., Must A. et al. Sensory sensitivity and food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2018;48(2):583-591. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3340-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistol L.T., Bandini L.G., Must A. et al. Sensory sensitivity and food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2018;48(2):583-591. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3340-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J., Gong X., Hu B. et al. Altered gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in Chinese children with constipated autism spectrum disorder. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):19103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46566-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J., Gong X., Hu B. et al. Altered gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in Chinese children with constipated autism spectrum disorder. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):19103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46566-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Álvarez-Martín C., Caballero F.F., de la Iglesia R. et al. Association of MC4R rs17782313 genotype with energy intake and appetite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews. 2025;83(3): e931-e946. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Álvarez-Martín C., Caballero F.F., de la Iglesia R. et al. Association of MC4R rs17782313 genotype with energy intake and appetite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews. 2025;83(3): e931-e946. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromova M.O., Gorbachevskaya N.L., Mamokhina U.A. et al. The relationship of the sensory profile with behavioral problems and psychophysiological markers in primary school children with ASD. Autism and developmental disorders. 2021;19(4):5-14. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17759/ autdd.2021190401.@@ Громова М.О., Горбачевская Н.Л., Мамохина У.А. и др. Связь сенсорного профиля с поведенческими проблемами и психофизиологическими маркерами у детей младшего школьного возраста с РАС. Аутизм и нарушения развития. 2021;19(4):5-14. doi: 10.17759/autdd.2021190401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova M.O., Gorbachevskaya N.L., Mamokhina U.A. et al. The relationship of the sensory profile with behavioral problems and psychophysiological markers in primary school children with ASD. Autism and developmental disorders. 2021;19(4):5-14. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17759/ autdd.2021190401.@@ Громова М.О., Горбачевская Н.Л., Мамохина У.А. и др. Связь сенсорного профиля с поведенческими проблемами и психофизиологическими маркерами у детей младшего школьного возраста с РАС. Аутизм и нарушения развития. 2021;19(4):5-14. doi: 10.17759/autdd.2021190401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leader G., Tuohy E., Chen J.L. et al. Feeding problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, challenging behavior and sensory issues in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020;50(4):1401-1410. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04357-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leader G., Tuohy E., Chen J.L. et al. Feeding problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, challenging behavior and sensory issues in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020;50(4):1401-1410. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04357-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunderson J., Worthley E., Byiers B. et al. Self and caregiver report measurement of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders. 2023;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09473-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunderson J., Worthley E., Byiers B. et al. Self and caregiver report measurement of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders. 2023;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09473-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunderson J., Worthley E., Byiers B. et al. Self and caregiver report measurement of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 2023;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09473-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunderson J., Worthley E., Byiers B. et al. Self and caregiver report measurement of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 2023;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09473-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fields V.L., Soke G.N., Reynolds A. et al. Pica, autism, and other disabilities. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2): e20200462. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fields V.L., Soke G.N., Reynolds A. et al. Pica, autism, and other disabilities. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2): e20200462. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demir A.Ç., Özcan Ö. The nutritional behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder, parental feeding styles, and anthropometric measurements. Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2022;76(1):64-70. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1934109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demir A.Ç., Özcan Ö. The nutritional behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder, parental feeding styles, and anthropometric measurements. Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2022;76(1):64-70. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1934109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brzóska A., Kazek B., Kozioł K. et al. Eating behaviors of children with autism-Pilot study. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2687. doi: 10.3390/nu13082687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brzóska A., Kazek B., Kozioł K. et al. Eating behaviors of children with autism-Pilot study. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2687. doi: 10.3390/nu13082687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
