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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-245-1-5-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико - патофизиологические аспекты формирования хронических заболеваний пищеварительного тракта, как предикторы старения организма в целом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the development of chronic gastrointestinal diseases as predictors of overall aging</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-7246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">k-i-grigoryev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-1452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный педагогический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И., Григорьев А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И., Григорьев А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonova L.A., Grigoriev K.I., Grigoriev A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3351">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3351</self-uri><abstract><p>Гипотеза «истоков развития здоровья и болезней» предполагает влияние факторов раннего развития и внутриутробного роста на риск возникновения хронических заболеваний, в том числе и органов пищеварения, более поздние периоды. Обсуждается роль факторов внутриутробного и раннего постнатального периода развития в плане оказания негативного влияния на дифференциацию клеток и формирование тканей плода/новорожденного, формирование возраст зависимых заболеваний (ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет, желчнокаменная болезнь и др.) и запуск процессов старения. Старение рассматривается как скрытый, доклинический этап возникновения и течения этих заболеваний. Тем не менее, и хронические заболевания, и старение как генетически запрограммированные процессы можно частично контролировать, замедляя их прогресс посредством модификации образа жизни, диетой (ограничение калорий), борьбой с окислительным стрессом и влиянием на гормональный фон. Обсуждаются потенциальные дородовые и постнатальные профилактические меры, другие вмешательства, а также будущие направления исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The “origins of health and disease” hypothesis suggests that early developmental and intrauterine growth factors influence the risk of chronic diseases, including those affecting the digestive system, in later life. The role of intrauterine and early postnatal developmental factors in negatively influencing cell differentiation and tissue formation in the fetus/newborn, the development of age-related diseases (coronary heart disease, diabetes, cholelithiasis, etc.), and the onset of aging processes is discussed. Aging is viewed as a latent, preclinical stage in the onset and progression of these diseases. However, both chronic diseases and aging, as genetically programmed processes, can be partially controlled by slowing their progression through lifestyle modification, diet (calorie restriction), oxidative stress management, and hormonal influences. Potential prenatal and postnatal preventive measures, other interventions, and future research directions are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипотезы «развития здоровья и болезней»</kwd><kwd>недоношенные</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры старения</kwd><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>органы пищеварения</kwd><kwd>предрасположенность к хроническим заболеваниям</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health and disease development hypotheses</kwd><kwd>prematurity</kwd><kwd>aging biomarkers</kwd><kwd>fetal growth restriction</kwd><kwd>digestive organs</kwd><kwd>predisposition to chronic diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiffon C. 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