nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-244-12-77-87nogr-3282Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWPorphyromonas gingivalis - ключевой парадонтопатоген взаимосвязи заболеваний пародонта и гастроэнтерологических заболеванийPorphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen in the relationship between periodontal and gastroenterological diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-1876ТруханД. И.TrukhanD. I.dmitry_trukhan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-149XРожковаМ. Ю.RozhkovaM. Yu.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2025260220260127787Copyright © Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю., 20262026Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю.Trukhan D.I., Rozhkova M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3282

Заболевания пародонта относятся к числу наиболее распространенных заболеваний человека. В начале XXI века сформировалась концепция «пародонтальной медицины», рассматривающая взаимосвязи патологии пародонта с другими заболеваниями организма. На сегодняшний день с патологией пародонта связано более 50 различных соматических заболеваний. Среди различных пародонтальных микроорганизмов Porphyromonas gingivalis считается ключевым пародонтопатогеном, потенциально коррелирующим с системными заболеваниями. Нами проведен поиск информационной базе Pubmed источников, опубликованных до 01.11.2025, в которых рассматривалась взаимосвязь Porphyromonas gingivalis с развитием системных заболеваний. Ввиду большого числа найденных источников (1042), мы сузили поиск рассмотрением взаимосвязи Porphyromonas gingivalis с развитием гастроэнтерологических заболеваний (193 источника). В представленном обзоре рассмотрена взаимосвязь Porphyromonas gingivalis с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (48 источников) и неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (44 источника). Приведенные в обзоре данные, демонстрируют, что Porphyromonas gingivalis участвует в развитии и прогрессировании воспалительных заболеваний кишечника посредством изменения микробиоты кишечника по оси «рот-кишечник», нарушения кишечного барьера и проницаемости, высвобождения медиаторов воспаления и нарушения иммунного ответа. При неалкогольной жировой болезни печени Porphyromonas gingivalis обнаружен в ткани печени, кроме того, формируется связывающая ось «рот-кишечник-печень» и приобретает значение бактериальная транслокация Porphyromonas gingivalis в системный кровоток, сопровождающаяся циркуляцией медиаторов воспаления и иммунных комплексов, нарушением метаболического, воспалительного и иммунологического гомеостаза. Укрепление здоровья полости рта должно рассматриваться как неотъемлемая часть здорового образа жизни в целях снижения бремени хронических неинфекционных и инфекционных заболеваний.

Periodontal diseases are among the most common human ailments. At the beginning of the 21st century, the concept of “periodontal medicine” emerged, examining the relationship between periodontal pathology and other diseases. Currently, over 50 different somatic diseases are associated with periodontal pathology. Among various periodontal microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a key periodontopathogen, potentially correlating with systemic diseases. We searched the PubMed database for sources published before November 1, 2025, that examined the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and the development of systemic diseases. Due to the large number of sources found (1,042), we narrowed the search to consider the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and the development of gastrointestinal diseases (193 sources). This review examines the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and inflammatory bowel diseases (48 references) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (44 references). The data presented in the review demonstrate that Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases through alterations in the intestinal microbiota along the mouth-gut axis, disruption of the intestinal barrier and permeability, release of inflammatory mediators, and impaired immune response. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis is detected in liver tissue. Furthermore, a connecting mouth-gut-liver axis is formed, and bacterial translocation of Porphyromonas gingivalis into the systemic circulation becomes important, accompanied by the circulation of inflammatory mediators and immune complexes, and disruption of metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological homeostasis. Oral health promotion should be considered as an integral part of a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the burden of chronic non-communicable and communicable diseases

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.