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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-244-12-40-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерные и возрастные особенности реакции протеасомы 20S в условиях ограничения калорийности питания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender and age-related characteristics of 20S proteasomes response under conditions of calorie restriction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-8938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенков</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenkov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0732-9255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даутов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dautov</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0279-7417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхакушинов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Thakushinov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-0634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муженя</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzhenya</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dmuzhenya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6572-745X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уракова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urakova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхакушинов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Thakushinov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тугуз</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuguz</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Майкопский государственный технологический Университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Maikop State Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Адыгейский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Adyghe State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лысенков С.П., Даутов Ю.Ю., Тхакушинов И.А., Муженя Д.В., Уракова Т.Ю., Тхакушинов Р.А., Тугуз А.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лысенков С.П., Даутов Ю.Ю., Тхакушинов И.А., Муженя Д.В., Уракова Т.Ю., Тхакушинов Р.А., Тугуз А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lysenkov S.P., Dautov Y.Y., Thakushinov I.A., Muzhenya D.V., Urakova T.Y., Thakushinov R.A., Tuguz A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3277">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3277</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Протеасома 20S является представителем убиквитин-протеазной системы, регулирующая как анаболические, так и катаболические процессы. Поиск путей регуляции этим процессом является актуальным. Цель: исследовать особенности активации протеасомы 20S в условиях гипокалорийного питания и установить взаимосвязи с гендерными, возрастными и весовыми характеристиками человека. Материалы и методы. В работе обследовано 48 пациентов в возрасте 18-75 лет (11 мужчин и 37 женщин), получавшие гипокалорийное питание (800-1200 ккал/сут), лечебное голодание, физиотерапевтические и очистительные процедуры, физическую нагрузку (Центр «Здоровье», г. Майкоп, Россия). Определяли: концентрацию 20S в крови иммуноферментным, а состав тела - импедансометрическим методом. Результаты. Гендерная особенность заключалась в различиях доминирующего компонента тела, определяющего базовую активность протеасомы 20S. У женщин этим компонентом являлась жировая ткань; у мужчин доминирующий сектор не выявлялся. Оздоровительная программа сопровождалась потерей массы тела, активацией функции 20S, независимо от степени ограничения калорийности питания. У женщин до 50 лет реакция активации происходила за счет жировой массы при ингибировании ее в мышечной и тощей массе. У женщин более 50 лет, напротив, активность определялась в мышечной и тощей массе при ингибировании ее в жировой. У мужчин таких особенностей в реакции протеасомы 20S выявлено не было. Полученные данные свидетельствует о разной степени активации ресинтеза, аутофагии и апоптоза. Ограничение калорийности питания является физиологическим стрессовым фактором для активации протеасомы 20S. Заключение. Гипокалорийное питание и лечебное голодание в комплексе с физиотерапевтическими процедурами может быть альтернативным методом обновления и ресинтеза белкового пула в организме человека. При использовании этих методов следует учитывать гендерные и возрастные особенности пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The proteasome 20S is a representative of the ubiquitin-protease system, which regulates anabolic and catabolic processes. Searching for ways to control this process is important. Purpose of the study. To study the activation features of the 20S proteasome under low-caloric nutrition conditions and establish relationships between human gender, age and weight characteristics. Materials and methods. The study examined 48 subjects aged 18-75 (11 males and 37 females) received low-energy diet (800-1200 calories/day), fasting therapy, physical therapy and cleansing treatments, as well as physical activity at the Health Center in Maikop, Russia. Blood 20S concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, body composition by impedance method. Results. Gender difference in dominant body component determining 20S activity. In females, adipose tissue was dominant; in males, dominant sector not identified. Wellness program led to weight loss and 20S activation regardless of calorie restriction degree. Females under 50 showed activations due to fat while inhibiting muscle and lean masses. Females over 50 had activity in muscle and lean mass while inhibiting fat. Males showed no such patterns in 20S proteasome response. Data suggest different levels of resynthesis, autophagy and apoptosis activation. Calorie restriction is physiological stressor for 20S activation. Conclusion. Hypocaloric diet and fasting with physical therapy can be alternative method for protein pool renewal and resynthesis in humans. Gender and age characteristics should be considered when using these techniques.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протеасома 20S</kwd><kwd>гипокалорийная диета</kwd><kwd>лечебное голодание</kwd><kwd>состав тела</kwd><kwd>мужчины</kwd><kwd>женщины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proteasome 20S</kwd><kwd>hypocaloric diet</kwd><kwd>therapeutic fasting</kwd><kwd>men</kwd><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>body composition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coux O., Zieba B.A., Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1233:55-100. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coux O., Zieba B.A., Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. 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