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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-244-12-28-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инфекция Clostridium Difficile и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: частота встречаемости и возможные факторы риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clostridium Difficile Infection and Infl ammatory Bowel Diseases: Frequency and Possible Risk Factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-7894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альхалиди</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhalidi</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-1920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулла</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullah</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">muntaderaltememy984@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мджали</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mjali</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Багдадская учебная больница гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baghdad Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Багдадская учебная больница гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии; Басрийский медицинский колледж</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baghdad Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital; Basrah college of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гастроэнтерологический и гепатологический центр Аль-Кинди</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Kindy Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Альхалиди Н.М., Абдулла М.А., Мджали А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Альхалиди Н.М., Абдулла М.А., Мджали А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alkhalidi N.M., Abdullah M.A., Mjali A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3276">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3276</self-uri><abstract><p>Предыстория и цели: Заболеваемость ИКД среди пациентов с ВЗК растёт, и, как было показано, это связано с увеличением продолжительности госпитализации, расходов, заболеваемости и смертности. В последних рекомендациях рекомендуется проводить тестирование на ИКД всех пациентов с ВЗК с обострением заболевания. Данное поперечное исследование направлено на оценку заболеваемости и выявление возможных факторов риска ИКД среди пациентов с ВЗК с обострением заболевания. Методы: В исследовании приняли участие 87 пациентов с ВЗК, которые посещали Учебную больницу гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии в Медицинском городе (Багдад) в период с января 2019 года по апрель 2020 года. У всех пациентов наблюдалось обострение заболевания. Регистрировались демографические и клинические данные пациентов, включая факторы, предположительно являющиеся факторами риска или имеющие связь с ИКД, такие как возраст, пол, сопутствующие заболевания, недавняя госпитализация (в течение 1 месяца), принимаемые препараты, включая ИПП, недавнее применение антибиотиков (в течение 1 месяца) и препараты для лечения ВЗК (аминосалицилаты, стероиды, иммуномодуляторы и биологическая терапия), а также длительность, тяжесть и эндоскопическая распространенность ВЗК. Диагностика ИКД проводилась путем обнаружения токсинов А и В Clostridium difficile в образцах кала с помощью иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Результаты: В исследование было включено в общей сложности 87 пациентов с ВЗК (62 случая ЯК и 25 случаев с диагнозом КД), женщины составили 66% случаев с соотношением женщин и мужчин 2:1, средний возраст составил 33 года. Наиболее частая продолжительность заболевания ВЗК составила (2-5) лет у 37 пациентов (42,5%) случаев, затем &gt; 5 лет у 31 (35,6%), наибольшая доля пациентов исследования (67,8%) лечилась аминосалицилатами (месаламин и сульфасалазин), в то время как азатиоприн, стероиды (преднизолон и будесонид) и биологическая терапия (инфликсимаб и адалимумаб) были назначены в 44 (50,5%), 35 (40,2%) и 19 (21,8%) случаях соответственно. Недавнее применение ИПП было зарегистрировано у 7 пациентов (8%), а недавнее применение антибиотиков - у 9 пациентов (10,3%). Недавняя госпитализация была зарегистрирована у 5 пациентов. Наиболее частыми клиническими проявлениями были кровавая диарея и боль в животе, зарегистрированные у 51 (58,6%) и 45 (51,7%) пациентов соответственно, за которыми следовали водянистая диарея у 34 (39%) и БПР у 9 (10,3%). По данным эндоскопии, наиболее частой фоновой патологией был панколит у 34 пациентов (39%), за ним следовали проктосигмоидит у 24 (27,5%) и илеит у 20 пациентов (22,9%), при этом левосторонний колит и проктит были зарегистрированы у 11 (12,6%) и 8 (9,1%) пациентов исследования соответственно. Частота возникновения ИКД среди 87 пациентов с ВЗК, включенных в исследование, составила 20%. В ходе исследования не было выявлено статистически значимой связи между развитием ИКД и каждым из следующих факторов: возрастом (P = 0,601), полом (P = 0,998), применением ИПП (P = 0,131), недавним применением антибиотиков (P = 0,904), недавней госпитализацией (P = 0,968), типом ВЗК (P = 0,493), продолжительностью (P = 0,272), тяжестью (P = 0,081) и эндоскопической распространенностью колита (P = 0,713). С другой стороны, ИКД достоверно связана (P = 0,002) с приемом нескольких препаратов для лечения ВЗК, поскольку у более чем половины пациентов (53,3%), получавших лечение несколькими препаратами, включая иммуносупрессивные, развилась ИКД. Заключение: Настоящее исследование показало, что у пациентов с ВЗК, принимающих несколько иммунодепрессантов, риск развития ИКД выше, однако в настоящем исследовании не выявлено других факторов риска (возраст, пол, прием антибиотиков, применение ИПП и недавняя госпитализация, помимо длительности заболевания, тяжести и эндоскопического распространения). Для подтверждения этих результатов, выявления других возможных факторов риска и оценки результатов лечения необходимы дальнейшие более масштабные исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background and aims: The incidence of CDI among IBD patients is increasing, and has been demonstrated to be associated with increased hospitalization period, costs, morbidity and mortality, the recent guidelines advocate testing all IBD patients who are experiencing disease flare for CDI, this is a cross-sectional study to estimate the incidence and to assess possible risk factors for CDI among IBD patients who are in disease flare up. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with IBD were studied, who attended the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in the Medical City (Baghdad), during the period from January 2019 to April 2020, all with disease flare up. Patients’ demographic and clinical data including factors expected to be a risk factors or have an association with CDI such as age, sex, comorbid conditions, recent hospitalization(within 1 month), drugs including PPI, recent antibiotic exposure(within 1 month) and IBD drugs(Aminosalicylate, steroids, immunomodulators and biological therapy), in addition to the duration, severity and endoscopic extend of IBD, all have been recorded. Diagnosis of CDI was done by the detection of clostridium difficile toxin A and B in a fecal specimen using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Results: A total of 87 IBD patients were enrolled in this study (62 cases of UC and 25 cases with a diagnosis of CD), female comprised 66% of cases with female to male ratio of 2:1, with a mean age of 33 years, The most frequent IBD disease duration was (2-5) years in 37 patients (42.5%) of cases, followed by &gt; 5 years in 31 (35.6%), The highest proportion of study patients (67.8%) were treated with amino-salicylates (mesalamine and sulfasalazine), while azathioprine, steroids (prednisolone and budesonide), and biological therapy (infliximab and adalimumab), were prescribed for 44 (50.5%), 35 (40.2%), and 19 (21.8%) of cases, respectively. Recent PPI use was recorded in 7 cases (8%) while recent antibiotics exposure was recorded in 9 patients (10.3%). Recent hospitalization was recorded in 5 cases. The most common clinical presentations were bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain, that recorded in 51 (58.6%) and 45 (51.7%) of cases, respectively, followed by watery diarrhea in 34 (39%) and BPR in 9 (10.3%).According to the endoscopy, the most frequent underlying pathology was pancolitis in 34 patients (39%), followed by proctosigmoiditis in 24 (27.5%) and ileitis that seen in 20 patients (22.9%), while each of left sided colitis and proctitis were recorded in 11 (12.6%) and 8 (9.1%) of study patients respectively. The incidence of CDI among the 87 enrolled IBD patients was 20%, In the study, there was no statistically significant association between the developing of CDI and each of age (P= 0.601), gender (P= 0.998), use of PPI(P= 0.131), recent antibiotic exposure(P= 0.904), recent hospitalization(P= 0.968), type of IBD (P= 0.493), duration (P= 0.272), severity (P= 0.081), and endoscopic extend of the colitis (P= 0.713), on the other hand CDI is significantly associated (P= 0.002) with administration of multiple IBD drugs, as more than half of patients (53.3%) who treated with multiple drugs including immunosuppressive developed CDI. Conclusion: The current study showed that IBD patients on multiple immunosuppressive drugs have a higher risk for CDI development, yet no other risk factors have been identified in the current study(age, gender, antibiotic exposure, PPI use and recent hospitalization, in addition to disease duration, severity and endoscopic extend), Further larger study is needed to confirm these findings, to look for other possible risk factors and to evaluate treatment outcome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>псевдомембранозный колит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd><kwd>Risk factors</kwd><kwd>Pseudomembranous colitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosnes J., Gower-Rousseau C., Seksik P., et al. 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