<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-239-7-135-146</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование воздействия пробиотиков Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 и Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 на микробиоту кишечника на модели искусственного ЖКТ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota Using an Artificial Gastrointestinal Tract Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемисова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemisova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">chemisova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-7251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-6345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5475-5056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крикунова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krikunova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-3989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Донской Государственный Технический Университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чемисова О.С., Седова Д.А., Головин С.Н., Крикунова А.А., Ермаков А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чемисова О.С., Седова Д.А., Головин С.Н., Крикунова А.А., Ермаков А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chemisova O.S., Sedova D.A., Golovin S.N., Krikunova A.A., Ermakov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3232">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3232</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. комплексная оценка влияния штаммов Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 и Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 на микрофлору детского желудочно-кишечного тракта при дисбактериозе на модели искусственного ЖКТ человека. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на автоматизированной системе искусственного желудочно-кишечного тракта с тремя реакторами, моделирующими желудок, двенадцатиперстную и толстую кишку. Микробиоценоз формировали на основе образцов кала ребенка с дисбактериозом III степени, после чего в течение 14 дней вводили пробиотический препарат Линекс Форте. Анализ состава микрофлоры проводили методом ПЦР в реальном времени, метаболическую активность оценивали по содержанию органических кислот методом ГХ-МС. Результаты: Комбинация штаммов Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 и Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 продемонстрировала выраженное корригирующее воздействие на дисбиотические нарушения кишечной микробиоты в модели искусственного ЖКТ. Зарегистрировано восстановление популяций лактобактерий до 9,0 lg КОЕ/мл и бифидобактерий до физиологической нормы, элиминация условно-патогенных микроорганизмов (Citrobacter spp., C. perfringens) к 7-9 суткам, нормализация соотношения Bacteroides spp. / F. prausnitzii с 74,1 до оптимального диапазона 16,9-38,8. Хроматографический анализ выявил специфические паттерны метаболической активности штаммов с восстановлением нормального профиля органических кислот, включая накопление молочной и янтарной кислот. Заключение: Исследование подтвердило комплексное положительное воздействие комбинации штаммов LA-5 и BB-12 на основные показатели кишечного микробиома при дисбиотических нарушениях с формированием выраженного пролонгированного эффекта. Сохранение достигнутых результатов после завершения введения препарата свидетельствует о формировании стабильной популяции пробиотических микроорганизмов, что имеет принципиальное клиническое значение для достижения долгосрочного терапевтического эффекта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 strains on the gut microbiota of a child with dysbiosis using a human artificial gastrointestinal (GI) tract model. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using an automated, three-reactor artificial gastrointestinal tract system simulating the stomach, duodenum, and large intestine. The microbial community was formed from fecal samples of a child with third-degree dysbiosis. The probiotic product Linex Forte was then administered for 14 days. Microbiota composition was analyzed by real-time PCR, and metabolic activity was assessed by the content of organic acids using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Results: The combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 strains demonstrated a pronounced corrective effect on dysbiotic disorders of the gut microbiota in the artificial GI model. The restoration of lactobacilli populations to 9.0 log CFU/mL and bifidobacteria to physiological norms was recorded. Elimination of opportunistic microorganisms (Citrobacter spp., C. perfringens) was observed by days 7-9. The Bacteroides spp. / F. prausnitzii ratio normalized from 74.1 to the optimal range of 16.9-38.8. Chromatographic analysis revealed specific patterns of metabolic activity of the strains with the restoration of a normal organic acid profile, including the accumulation of lactic and succinic acids. Conclusion: The study confirmed the comprehensive positive impact of the LA-5 and BB-12 strain combination on the key parameters of the gut microbiome in dysbiotic conditions, resulting in a significant prolonged effect. The persistence of the achieved results after the completion of the product's administration indicates the formation of a stable population of probiotic microorganisms, which is of fundamental clinical importance for achieving a long-term therapeutic effect.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисбактериоз</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus acidophilus</kwd><kwd>детский возраст</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium animalis</kwd><kwd>Линекс® Форте</kwd><kwd>искусственный желудочно-кишечный тракт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus acidophilus</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium animalis</kwd><kwd>Linex® Forte</kwd><kwd>artificial gastrointestinal tract</kwd><kwd>childhood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LeBlanc J.G., Milani C., de Giori G.S., Sesma F., van Sinderen D., Ventura M. Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: a gut microbiota perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2013 Apr;24(2):160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.08.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LeBlanc J.G., Milani C., de Giori G.S., Sesma F., van Sinderen D., Ventura M. Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: a gut microbiota perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2013 Apr;24(2):160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.08.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh A., De Vadder F., Kovatcheva-Datchary P., Bäckhed F. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites. Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1332-1345. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh A., De Vadder F., Kovatcheva-Datchary P., Bäckhed F. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites. Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1332-1345. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belkaid Y., Hand T.W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):121-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkaid Y., Hand T.W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):121-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kempf F., Drumo R., Chaussé A.M. et al. The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2474151. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2474151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kempf F., Drumo R., Chaussé A.M. et al. The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2474151. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2474151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cryan J.F., Dinan T.G. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Oct;13(10):701-12. doi: 10.1038/nrn3346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cryan J.F., Dinan T.G. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Oct;13(10):701-12. doi: 10.1038/nrn3346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma T., Bu S., Nzerem A.C. et al. Association of the Infant Gut Microbiome with Temperament at Nine Months of Age: A Michigan Cohort Study. Microorganisms. 2024 Jan 20;12(1):214. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12010214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma T., Bu S., Nzerem A.C. et al. Association of the Infant Gut Microbiome with Temperament at Nine Months of Age: A Michigan Cohort Study. Microorganisms. 2024 Jan 20;12(1):214. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12010214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie J., Van Hoecke L., Van Wonterghem E. et al. The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease is shaped by commensal gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2501193. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2501193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie J., Van Hoecke L., Van Wonterghem E. et al. The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease is shaped by commensal gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2501193. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2501193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinninella E., Raoul P., Cintoni M. et al. What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases. Microorganisms. 2019 Jan 10;7(1):14. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7010014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinninella E., Raoul P., Cintoni M. et al. What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases. Microorganisms. 2019 Jan 10;7(1):14. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7010014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy M., Kolodziejczyk A.A., Thaiss C.A., Elinav E. Dysbiosis and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Apr;17(4):219-232. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy M., Kolodziejczyk A.A., Thaiss C.A., Elinav E. Dysbiosis and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Apr;17(4):219-232. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemarajata P., Versalovic J. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;6(1):39-51. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12459294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemarajata P., Versalovic J. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;6(1):39-51. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12459294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoultz I., Claesson M.J., Dominguez-Bello M.G. et al. Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions. J Intern Med. 2025 Jun;297(6):560-583. doi: 10.1111/joim.20089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoultz I., Claesson M.J., Dominguez-Bello M.G. et al. Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions. J Intern Med. 2025 Jun;297(6):560-583. doi: 10.1111/joim.20089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill C., Guarner F., Reid G. et al. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug;11(8):506-14. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill C., Guarner F., Reid G. et al. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug;11(8):506-14. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bermudez-Brito M., Plaza-Díaz J., Muñoz-Quezada S., Gómez-Llorente C., Gil A. Probiotic mechanisms of action. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;61(2):160-74. doi: 10.1159/000342079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bermudez-Brito M., Plaza-Díaz J., Muñoz-Quezada S., Gómez-Llorente C., Gil A. Probiotic mechanisms of action. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;61(2):160-74. doi: 10.1159/000342079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simpson M.R., Avershina E., Storrø O., Johnsen R., Rudi K., Øien T. Breastfeeding-associated microbiota in human milk following supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Feb;101(2):889-899. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simpson M.R., Avershina E., Storrø O., Johnsen R., Rudi K., Øien T. Breastfeeding-associated microbiota in human milk following supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Feb;101(2):889-899. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreeva I.V., Stetsyuk O.U. Efficacy and safety of the combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in gastroenterology, pediatrics and allergology. KMAKh. 2016;(2). (In Russ.)@@ Андреева И.В., Стецюк О.У. Эффективность и безопасность комбинации Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 и Bifidobacterium lactis Вb-12 в гастроэнтерологии, педиатрии и аллергологии. КМАХ. 2016. № 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva I.V., Stetsyuk O.U. Efficacy and safety of the combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in gastroenterology, pediatrics and allergology. KMAKh. 2016;(2). (In Russ.)@@ Андреева И.В., Стецюк О.У. Эффективность и безопасность комбинации Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 и Bifidobacterium lactis Вb-12 в гастроэнтерологии, педиатрии и аллергологии. КМАХ. 2016. № 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minekus M. The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM). In: Verhoeckx K, Cotter P, López-Expósito I, Kleiveland C, Lea T, Mackie A, Requena T, Swiatecka D, Wichers H, editors. The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2015. Chapter 5. PMID: 29787065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minekus M. The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM). In: Verhoeckx K, Cotter P, López-Expósito I, Kleiveland C, Lea T, Mackie A, Requena T, Swiatecka D, Wichers H, editors. The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2015. Chapter 5. PMID: 29787065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu W., Zhang X., Wang D., Yao Q., Ma G.L., Fan X. Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®): Current Developments, Applications, and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Dec 6;17(12):1639. doi: 10.3390/ph17121639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu W., Zhang X., Wang D., Yao Q., Ma G.L., Fan X. Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®): Current Developments, Applications, and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Dec 6;17(12):1639. doi: 10.3390/ph17121639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodkorb A., Egger L., Alminger M. et al. INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion. Nat Protoc. 2019;14:991-1014. doi: 10.1038/s41596-018-0119-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodkorb A., Egger L., Alminger M. et al. INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion. Nat Protoc. 2019;14:991-1014. doi: 10.1038/s41596-018-0119-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Hara A.M., Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006;7(7):688-693. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Hara A.M., Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006;7(7):688-693. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Possemiers S., Verthé K., Uyttendaele S., Verstraete W. PCR-DGGE-based quantification of stability of the microbial community in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004;49(3):495-507. doi: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.05.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Possemiers S., Verthé K., Uyttendaele S., Verstraete W. PCR-DGGE-based quantification of stability of the microbial community in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004;49(3):495-507. doi: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.05.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandenplas Y., Carnielli V.P., Ksiazyk J. et al. Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development. Nutrition. 2020 Oct;78:110812. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandenplas Y., Carnielli V.P., Ksiazyk J. et al. Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development. Nutrition. 2020 Oct;78:110812. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardatskaya M.D., Belmer S.V., Dobritsa V.P. et al. Gut dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis): current state of the problem, complex diagnostics and therapeutic correction. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2015;117(5):13-50. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-117-5-13-50.@@ Ардатская М.Д., Бельмер С.В., Добрица В.П., и соавт. Дисбиоз (дисбактериоз) кишечника: современное состояние проблемы, комплексная диагностика и лечебная коррекция. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2015;117(5):13-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardatskaya M.D., Belmer S.V., Dobritsa V.P. et al. Gut dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis): current state of the problem, complex diagnostics and therapeutic correction. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2015;117(5):13-50. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-117-5-13-50.@@ Ардатская М.Д., Бельмер С.В., Добрица В.П., и соавт. Дисбиоз (дисбактериоз) кишечника: современное состояние проблемы, комплексная диагностика и лечебная коррекция. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2015;117(5):13-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenderov B.A., Yudin S.M., Zagainova A.V., Shevyreva M.P. The role of commensal gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases: Akkermansia muciniphila. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;11(159). (In Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б.А., Юдин С.М., Загайнова А.В., Шевырева М.П. Роль комменсальной кишечной микробиоты в этиопатогенезе хронических воспалительных заболеваний: Akkermansia muciniphila. ЭиКГ. 2018;11(159).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov B.A., Yudin S.M., Zagainova A.V., Shevyreva M.P. The role of commensal gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases: Akkermansia muciniphila. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;11(159). (In Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б.А., Юдин С.М., Загайнова А.В., Шевырева М.П. Роль комменсальной кишечной микробиоты в этиопатогенезе хронических воспалительных заболеваний: Akkermansia muciniphila. ЭиКГ. 2018;11(159).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng M., Han R., Yuan Y. et al. The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in inflammatory bowel disease: Current knowledge and perspectives. Front Immunol. 2023;13:1089600. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng M., Han R., Yuan Y. et al. The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in inflammatory bowel disease: Current knowledge and perspectives. Front Immunol. 2023;13:1089600. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darmov I.V., Chicherin I.Y., Erdyakova A.S., Pogorelsky I.P., Lundovskikh I.A.Comparative evaluation of the survival of probiotic microorganisms in commercial drugs in conditions in vitro. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2011;(9):96-101. (In Russ.)@@ Дармов И.В., Чичерин И.Ю., Ердякова А.С., Погорельский И.П., Лундовских И.А. Сравнительная оценка выживаемости микроорганизмов пробиотиков в составе коммерческих препаратов в условиях in vitro. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2011;(9):96-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darmov I.V., Chicherin I.Y., Erdyakova A.S., Pogorelsky I.P., Lundovskikh I.A.Comparative evaluation of the survival of probiotic microorganisms in commercial drugs in conditions in vitro. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2011;(9):96-101. (In Russ.)@@ Дармов И.В., Чичерин И.Ю., Ердякова А.С., Погорельский И.П., Лундовских И.А. Сравнительная оценка выживаемости микроорганизмов пробиотиков в составе коммерческих препаратов в условиях in vitro. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2011;(9):96-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neschislyaev V.A., Stolbova M.G., Mokin P.A. Development and research of an encapsulated dosage form of a probiotic based on immobilized bifidobacteria. Biopreparaty. 2013;(2):35-38. (In Russ.)@@ Несчисляев В.А., Столбова М.Г., Мокин П.А. Разработка и исследование капсулированной лекарственной формы пробиотика на основе иммобилизованных бифидобактерий. Биопрепараты. 2013;(2):35-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neschislyaev V.A., Stolbova M.G., Mokin P.A. Development and research of an encapsulated dosage form of a probiotic based on immobilized bifidobacteria. Biopreparaty. 2013;(2):35-38. (In Russ.)@@ Несчисляев В.А., Столбова М.Г., Мокин П.А. Разработка и исследование капсулированной лекарственной формы пробиотика на основе иммобилизованных бифидобактерий. Биопрепараты. 2013;(2):35-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreeva I.V. Modern evidence-based data on the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in pediatric practice. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2011;10(1):50-57. (In Russ.)@@ Андреева И.В. Современные доказательные данные эффективности применения Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg и Bifidobacterium lactis Вb-12 в педиатрической практике. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011;10(1):50-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva I.V. Modern evidence-based data on the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in pediatric practice. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2011;10(1):50-57. (In Russ.)@@ Андреева И.В. Современные доказательные данные эффективности применения Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg и Bifidobacterium lactis Вb-12 в педиатрической практике. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011;10(1):50-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin-Gallausiaux C., Marinelli L., Blottière H.M., Larraufie P., Lapaque N. SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut. Proc Nutr Soc. 2021 Feb;80(1):37-49. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120006916.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin-Gallausiaux C., Marinelli L., Blottière H.M., Larraufie P., Lapaque N. SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut. Proc Nutr Soc. 2021 Feb;80(1):37-49. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120006916.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leylabadlo H.E., Ghotaslou R., Feizabadi M.M. et al. The critical role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in human health: An overview. Microb Pathog. 2020 Dec;149:104344. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leylabadlo H.E., Ghotaslou R., Feizabadi M.M. et al. The critical role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in human health: An overview. Microb Pathog. 2020 Dec;149:104344. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khavkin A.I., Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., Ivanova E.V., Sitkin S.I. Biological properties and symbiotic relationships of human bifidobacteria. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2023;18(2):54-64. (In Russ.) doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64.@@ Хавкин А.И., Бухарин О.В., Перунова Н.Б., Иванова Е.В., Ситкин С.И. Биологические свойства и симбиотические взаимоотношения бифидобактерий человека. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2023;18(2):54-64. doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khavkin A.I., Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., Ivanova E.V., Sitkin S.I. Biological properties and symbiotic relationships of human bifidobacteria. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2023;18(2):54-64. (In Russ.) doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64.@@ Хавкин А.И., Бухарин О.В., Перунова Н.Б., Иванова Е.В., Ситкин С.И. Биологические свойства и симбиотические взаимоотношения бифидобактерий человека. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2023;18(2):54-64. doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Bäckhed F. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites. Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1332-1345. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Bäckhed F. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites. Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1332-1345. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
