nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-239-7-21-30nogr-3219Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESК вопросу о качественных методах оценки микробиоты человека в искусственной среде обитанияRegarding qualitative methods for evaluating human microbiota in an artificial environmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-5003ИльинВ. К.IlyinV. K.piton2004@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4369-966XСкединаМ. А.SkedinaM. A.noemail@neicon.ruУсановаН. А.UsanovaN. A.noemail@neicon.ruМорозоваЮ. А.MorozovaYu. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4769СтарковаЛ. В.StarkovaL. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-2295ВиленскийИ. Л.VilenskiiI. L.noemail@neicon.ruАртамоновА. А.ArtamonovA. A.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute for Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202525012026072130Copyright © Ильин В.К., Скедина М.А., Усанова Н.А., Морозова Ю.А., Старкова Л.В., Виленский И.Л., Артамонов А.А., 20262026Ильин В.К., Скедина М.А., Усанова Н.А., Морозова Ю.А., Старкова Л.В., Виленский И.Л., Артамонов А.А.Ilyin V.K., Skedina M.A., Usanova N.A., Morozova Y.A., Starkova L.V., Vilenskii I.L., Artamonov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3219

Цель исследования. Изучить динамику микробиоты кишечника человека в условиях искусственной изоляции (моделирующей космические полеты) с использованием нового эубиотического индекса I, оценивающего баланс условно-протективных и условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Материалы и методы. Данные: архивные материалы советских космических программ (1960-1980 гг.) и современные изоляционные эксперименты («Сфинкс»: 60 суток; «Сириус»: 120/240 суток; «Марс-500»: 520 суток). Методика: классический посев на питательные среды для подсчета колоний микроорганизмов. Эубиотический Индекс I: рассчитан на основе приоритетности колонизации бактерий. Статобработка: критерии Шапиро-Уилка, Краскела-Уоллиса, ANOVA, Dunn test (программы StatTech v3.0.9 и R). Результаты. Короткая изоляция (до 15 суток): Пик эубиотического индекса на 8-11 сутки с последующим снижением (аппроксимация: R² = 0.9986). Длительная изоляция (60-520 суток): Устойчивое снижение эубиотического индекса I, с достижением минимум на 150-300 сутки (I <1 - доминирование условно-патогенной микрофлоры). Пробиотики замедляют, но не предотвращают дисбиоз. Верификация модели: хорошее согласование с экспериментом «Сфинкс». Заключение. Изоляция вызывает снижение разнообразия микробиоты и смещение баланса в сторону условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Для длительных космических миссий рекомендованы: интеграция пребиотиков в рацион; персонализированные пробиотики.

Objective. To study the dynamics of human intestinal microbiota under conditions of artificial isolation (simulating space flights) using a new eubiotic index that evaluates the balance of opportunistic and opportunistic microorganisms. Materials and methods. Data: archival materials of the Soviet space programs (1960-1980) and modern isolation experiments (“Sphinx”: 60 days; “Sirius”: 120/240 days; “Mars-500”: 520 days). Methodology: classical seeding on nutrient media to count microorganism colonies. Index I: calculated based on the priority of bacterial colonization. Statistical processing: Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Dunn test (StatTech v3.0.9 and R programs). Results. Short-term isolation (up to 15 days): Peak of the eubiotic index on days 8-11 with subsequent decrease (approximation: R² = 0.9986). Long-term isolation (60-520 days): Steady decrease in the eubiotic index I, reaching a minimum on days 150-300 (I < 1 - dominance of opportunistic microflora). Probiotics slow down, but do not prevent dysbiosis. Model verification: good agreement with the Sphinx experiment. Conclusion. Isolation causes a decrease in the diversity of microbiota and a shift in the balance towards opportunistic microorganisms. The following are recommended for long-term space missions: integration of prebiotics into the diet; personalized probiotics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.