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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-238-6-106-117</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные запоры у детей и подростков: алгоритмы диагностики и терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional constipation in children and adolescents: diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-5890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">melnikovai@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5562-4494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельникова И.Ю., Шаповалов Е.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова И.Ю., Шаповалов Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova I.Y., Shapovalov E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3201">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3201</self-uri><abstract><p>В структуре обращаемости к педиатру, семейному врачу, гастроэнтерологу гастроинтестинальная патология традиционно занимает значительное место, примерно 1/3 обращений связана с запорами, из которых 90% имеют функциональный характер. Симптомы запоров у детей разнообразны и могут проявляться только нарушениями дефекации или же включать в себя комплекс кишечных и внекишечных проявлений. Выраженность и особенности клинических симптомов функционального запора (ФЗ) могут варьировать в зависимости от возраста ребенка, особенностей его нервной системы, состояния моторики кишечника, длительности заболевания, анатомических особенностей толстой кишки, характера применявшейся терапии, формы и степени компенсации запора. В статье представлены данные о распространенности патологии в детском возрасте, описаны клинические симптомы, диагностические критерии, особенности взаимодействия с семьей ребенка, страдающего запором, варианты медикаментозного и немедикаментозного лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The gastrointestinal pathology traditionally occupies a significant place in the structure of referrals to specialists such as family doctors and pediatricians, approximately 1/3 of referrals are related to constipation, of which 90% are functional. The symptoms of constipation in children are diverse and can, on the one hand, be manifested only by bowel movements, and on the other hand, include a complex of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. The severity and features of the clinical manifestations of functional constipation may vary depending on the age of the child at the initial manifestation of symptoms, the characteristics of his nervous system, the state of intestinal motility, the duration of the disease, the anatomical features of the colon, the nature of the therapy used, the form and degree of compensation for constipation. The article presents data on the prevalence of pathology in childhood, a description of clinical symptoms, diagnostic criteria, features of interaction with the family of a child suffering from constipation, options for medication and non-drug treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>функциональные расстройства органов пищеварения</kwd><kwd>запор</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>слабительные средства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>functional disorders of the digestive system</kwd><kwd>constipation</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>laxatives</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khavkin A.I., Fayzullina R.A., Belmer S.V. et al. 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