nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-235-3-88-103nogr-3137Research ArticleМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЙ СИНДРОМMETABOLIC SYNDROMEМетаболический синдром и хроническая болезнь почек: взаимосвязь ведущих компонентов метаболического синдрома с повреждением почек и особенности их медикаментозной коррекцииMetabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease: the relationship of the leading components of metabolic syndrome with kidney damage and the features of their drug correctionШароноваЛ. А.SharonovaL. A.l.a.sharonova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786БулгаковаС. В.BulgakovaS. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-4531-9682КосареваО. В.KosarevaO. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-6411ДолгихЮ. А.DolgikhYu. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6243-6528МерзловаП. Я.MerzlovaP. Ya.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252ТреневаЕ. В.TrenevaE. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233КурмаевД. П.KurmaevD. P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-5916-5129ШароноваА. А.SharonovaA. A.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSamara State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025291020250388103Copyright © Шаронова Л.А., Булгакова С.В., Косарева О.В., Долгих Ю.А., Мерзлова П.Я., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П., Шаронова А.А., 20252025Шаронова Л.А., Булгакова С.В., Косарева О.В., Долгих Ю.А., Мерзлова П.Я., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П., Шаронова А.А.Sharonova L.A., Bulgakova S.V., Kosareva O.V., Dolgikh Y.A., Merzlova P.Y., Treneva E.V., Kurmaev D.P., Sharonova A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3137

В обзорной статье представлены обобщенные данные о связи компонентов метаболического синдрома (висцерального ожирения, артериальной гипертензии, дислипидемии, гиперурикемии) с хронической болезнью почек, обсуждаются единые патогенетические механизмы, их взаимное отягощающее влияние. В статье обсуждаются особенности медикаментозной коррекции компонентов метаболического синдрома с учетом рено- и кардиопротекции у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек.

The review article presents generalized data on the relationship of the components of the metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia) with chronic kidney disease, discusses common pathogenetic mechanisms and their mutual aggravating effects. The article discusses the features of drug correction of the components of the metabolic syndrome, taking into account renoprotection and cardioprotection in patients with chronic kidney disease. The review article presents generalized data on the relationship of the components of the metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia) with chronic kidney disease, discusses common pathogenetic mechanisms and their mutual aggravating effects. The article discusses the features of drug correction of the components of the metabolic syndrome, taking into account renoprotection and cardioprotection in patients with chronic kidney disease.

метаболический синдромхроническая болезнь почекожирениеартериальная гипертензиясахарный диабетдислипидемиягиперурикемияМАЖБПмедикаментозная коррекцияmetabolic syndromechronic kidney diseaseobesityarterial hypertensiondiabetes mellitusdyslipidemiahyperuricemiaMAFLDdrug correctionReferencesKidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5S): S1-127. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008.Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5S): S1-127. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008.Collaboration G.C.K.D. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-733. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.Collaboration G.C.K.D. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-733. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.Manns B., Hemmelgarn B., Tonelli M. et al. for Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease. The Cost of Care for People with Chronic Kidney Disease. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 2019;6:2054358119835521. doi: 10.1177/2054358119835521.Manns B., Hemmelgarn B., Tonelli M. et al. for Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease. The Cost of Care for People with Chronic Kidney Disease. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 2019;6:2054358119835521. doi: 10.1177/2054358119835521.Rumyantseva E.I., Avxentyeva M.V. The costs of patients with chronic kidney disease for the compulsory health insurance system in the Russian Federation. Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice. 2021;43(4):52-58. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/medtech20214304152.@@ Румянцева Е.И., Авксентьева М.В. Затраты системы обязательного медицинского страхования на ведение пациентов с хронической болезнью почек в Российской Федерации. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2021;43(4):52-58. doi: 10.17116/medtech20214304152.Rumyantseva E.I., Avxentyeva M.V. The costs of patients with chronic kidney disease for the compulsory health insurance system in the Russian Federation. Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice. 2021;43(4):52-58. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/medtech20214304152.@@ Румянцева Е.И., Авксентьева М.В. Затраты системы обязательного медицинского страхования на ведение пациентов с хронической болезнью почек в Российской Федерации. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2021;43(4):52-58. doi: 10.17116/medtech20214304152.Lezaic V. Albuminuria as a biomarker of the renal disease. Biomarkers Kidney Dis. 2015;81:1-18. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7743-9_31-1.Lezaic V. Albuminuria as a biomarker of the renal disease. Biomarkers Kidney Dis. 2015;81:1-18. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7743-9_31-1.Oganov R.G., Simanenkov V.I., Bakulin I.G. et al.Comorbidities in clinical practice. Algorithms for diagnostics and treatment. Cardiovascular Th erapy and Prevention. 2019;18(1):5-66. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66.@@ Оганов Р.Г., Симаненков В.И., Бакулин И.Г. и др. Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019;18(1):5-66. doi: 10.158 29/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66.Oganov R.G., Simanenkov V.I., Bakulin I.G. et al.Comorbidities in clinical practice. Algorithms for diagnostics and treatment. Cardiovascular Th erapy and Prevention. 2019;18(1):5-66. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66.@@ Оганов Р.Г., Симаненков В.И., Бакулин И.Г. и др. Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019;18(1):5-66. doi: 10.158 29/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66.Coresh J., Astor B.C., Greene T. et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Jan;41(1):1-12. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50007.Coresh J., Astor B.C., Greene T. et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Jan;41(1):1-12. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50007.Ninomiya T., Kiyohara Y., Kubo M. et al. Metabolic syndrome and CKD in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2006;48(3):383-391. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.003.Ninomiya T., Kiyohara Y., Kubo M. et al. Metabolic syndrome and CKD in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2006;48(3):383-391. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.003.Kurella M., Lo J.C., Chertow G.M. Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005;16(7):2134-40. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005010106.Kurella M., Lo J.C., Chertow G.M. Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005;16(7):2134-40. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005010106.Preble W. Obesity: observations on one thousand cases. Boston Med Surg J.1923;188:617-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJM192304261881701.Preble W. Obesity: observations on one thousand cases. Boston Med Surg J.1923;188:617-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJM192304261881701.Alizadeh S., Esmaeili H., Alizadeh M., et al. Metabolic phenotypes of obese, overweight, and normal weight individuals and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 63:427-37. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000149.Alizadeh S., Esmaeili H., Alizadeh M., et al. Metabolic phenotypes of obese, overweight, and normal weight individuals and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 63:427-37. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000149.Docherty, NG, and le Roux C.W. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020; 16:709-20. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0323-4.Docherty, NG, and le Roux C.W. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020; 16:709-20. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0323-4.Tsuboi N., Okabayashi Y. The renal pathology of obesity: structure-function correlations. Semin Nephrol. 2021;41:296-306. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.002.Tsuboi N., Okabayashi Y. The renal pathology of obesity: structure-function correlations. Semin Nephrol. 2021;41:296-306. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.002.Chait A., den Hartigh L.J. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:22. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022.Chait A., den Hartigh L.J. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:22. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022.Hotamisligil G. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017;542, 177-185. doi: 10.1038/nature21363.Hotamisligil G. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017;542, 177-185. doi: 10.1038/nature21363.Romantsova T.R., Sych Yu.P. Immunometabolism and metainflammation in obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(4):3-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet12218.@@ Романцова Т.И., Сыч Ю.П. Иммунометаболизм и метавоспаление при ожирении. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019;16(4):3-17. doi: 10.14341/omet12218.Romantsova T.R., Sych Yu.P. Immunometabolism and metainflammation in obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(4):3-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet12218.@@ Романцова Т.И., Сыч Ю.П. Иммунометаболизм и метавоспаление при ожирении. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019;16(4):3-17. doi: 10.14341/omet12218.Migacheva N.B., Skvortsova O.V., Kaganova T.I., Ginzburg A.S. Paradoxes of the Immune Response in obesity Effective Pharmacotherapy. Allergology and Immunology. 2023; 19 (28): 30-36. (in Russ.) doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-28-30-36.@@ Мигачева Н.Б., Скворцова О.В., Каганова Т.И., Гинзбург А.С. Парадоксы иммунного ответа при ожирении. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Аллергология и иммунология. 2023; 19 (28): 30-36. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-28-30-36.Migacheva N.B., Skvortsova O.V., Kaganova T.I., Ginzburg A.S. Paradoxes of the Immune Response in obesity Effective Pharmacotherapy. Allergology and Immunology. 2023; 19 (28): 30-36. (in Russ.) doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-28-30-36.@@ Мигачева Н.Б., Скворцова О.В., Каганова Т.И., Гинзбург А.С. Парадоксы иммунного ответа при ожирении. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Аллергология и иммунология. 2023; 19 (28): 30-36. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-28-30-36.Kadatane S.P., Satariano M., Massey M. et al. The role of inflammation in CKD. Cells. 2023;12:1581. doi: 10.3390/cells12121581.Kadatane S.P., Satariano M., Massey M. et al. The role of inflammation in CKD. Cells. 2023;12:1581. doi: 10.3390/cells12121581.Moriconi D., Antonioli L., Masi S. et al. Glomerular hyperfiltration in morbid obesity: Role of the inflammasome signalling. Nephrology. 2022;27:673-80. doi: 10.1111/nep.14077.Moriconi D., Antonioli L., Masi S. et al. Glomerular hyperfiltration in morbid obesity: Role of the inflammasome signalling. Nephrology. 2022;27:673-80. doi: 10.1111/nep.14077.Taguchi S., Azushima K., Yamaji T. et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition on kidney fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:23587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02864-1.Taguchi S., Azushima K., Yamaji T. et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition on kidney fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:23587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02864-1.Ryabova E.A., Ragino Yu.I. Proinflammatory adipokins and cytokines in abdominal obesity as a factor in the development of atherosclerosis and renal pathology. Ateroscleroz. 2021; 17 (4): 101-110. (In Russ.) doi: 10.52727/2078-256Х-2021-17-4-101-110.@@ Рябова Е.А., Рагино Ю.И. Провоспалительные адипокины и цитокины при абдоминальном ожирении как фактор развития атеросклероза и патологии почек. Атеросклероз. 2021; 17 (4): 101-110. doi: 10.52727/2078-256Х-2021-17-4-101-110.Ryabova E.A., Ragino Yu.I. Proinflammatory adipokins and cytokines in abdominal obesity as a factor in the development of atherosclerosis and renal pathology. Ateroscleroz. 2021; 17 (4): 101-110. (In Russ.) doi: 10.52727/2078-256Х-2021-17-4-101-110.@@ Рябова Е.А., Рагино Ю.И. Провоспалительные адипокины и цитокины при абдоминальном ожирении как фактор развития атеросклероза и патологии почек. Атеросклероз. 2021; 17 (4): 101-110. doi: 10.52727/2078-256Х-2021-17-4-101-110.Kotsis V., Martinez F., Trakatelli C., Redon J. Impact of obesity in kidney diseases. Nutrients. 2021; 13:4482. doi: 10.3390/nu13124482,Kotsis V., Martinez F., Trakatelli C., Redon J. Impact of obesity in kidney diseases. Nutrients. 2021; 13:4482. doi: 10.3390/nu13124482,Tsuboi N., Koike K., Hirano K. et al. Clinical features and long-term renal outcomes of Japanese patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013;17:379-85. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0719-y).Tsuboi N., Koike K., Hirano K. et al. Clinical features and long-term renal outcomes of Japanese patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013;17:379-85. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0719-y).D’Agati V., Chagnac A., de Vries A. et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12:453-471. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.75.D’Agati V., Chagnac A., de Vries A. et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12:453-471. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.75.Matsushita K., Coresh J., Sang Y. et al. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:514-25.Matsushita K., Coresh J., Sang Y. et al. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:514-25.Mok Y., Ballew S.H., Sang Y. et al. Albuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(8): e010546. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010546.Mok Y., Ballew S.H., Sang Y. et al. Albuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(8): e010546. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010546.Anumonwo J.M.B., Herron T. Fatty Infiltration of the Myocardium and Arrhythmogenesis: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Physiol. 2018 Jan 22;9:2. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00002.Anumonwo J.M.B., Herron T. Fatty Infiltration of the Myocardium and Arrhythmogenesis: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Physiol. 2018 Jan 22;9:2. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00002.Huang N., Mao E.W., Hou N.N. et al. Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2020; 11(4): 115-125. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i4.115.Huang N., Mao E.W., Hou N.N. et al. Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2020; 11(4): 115-125. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i4.115.D’Marco L, Puchades M.J., Panizo N. et al. Cardiorenal fat: a cardiovascular risk factor with implications in chronic kidney disease. Front Med. 2021;8:1-8.D’Marco L, Puchades M.J., Panizo N. et al. Cardiorenal fat: a cardiovascular risk factor with implications in chronic kidney disease. Front Med. 2021;8:1-8.Foster M.C., Hwang S.J., Porter S.A. et al. Fatty kidney, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):784-90. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 111.175315.Foster M.C., Hwang S.J., Porter S.A. et al. Fatty kidney, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):784-90. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 111.175315.Eslam M., Newsome P.N., Sarin S.K. et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020 Jul;73(1):202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039.Eslam M., Newsome P.N., Sarin S.K. et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020 Jul;73(1):202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039.Liu J., Ayada I., Zhang X. et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Mar;20(3): e573-e582. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030.Liu J., Ayada I., Zhang X. et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Mar;20(3): e573-e582. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030.Chesnokova L.V., Petrov I.M., Troshina I.A. et al. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines depends on the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical medicine. 2013;12:30-34. (in Russ.)@@ Чеснокова Л.В., Петров И.М., Трошина И.А. и др. Содержание провоспалительных цитокинов в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени у больных с метаболическим синдромом и неалкогольной жировой болезнью. Клиническая медицина. 2013;12:30-34.Chesnokova L.V., Petrov I.M., Troshina I.A. et al. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines depends on the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical medicine. 2013;12:30-34. (in Russ.)@@ Чеснокова Л.В., Петров И.М., Трошина И.А. и др. Содержание провоспалительных цитокинов в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени у больных с метаболическим синдромом и неалкогольной жировой болезнью. Клиническая медицина. 2013;12:30-34.Garbuzenko D.V. Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2022;15(3):194-203. doi: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2549.Garbuzenko D.V. Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2022;15(3):194-203. doi: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2549.Arab J.P., Arrese M., Trauner M. Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2018;13:321-350. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043617.Arab J.P., Arrese M., Trauner M. Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2018;13:321-350. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043617.Petrov I.M., Medvedeva I.V., Sholomov I.F. et al. Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2020;18(3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-3-236-242.Petrov I.M., Medvedeva I.V., Sholomov I.F. et al. Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2020;18(3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-3-236-242.Targher G., Byrne C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;3:297-310. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.16.Targher G., Byrne C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;3:297-310. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.16.Quek J., Ng C.H., Tang A.S.P. et al. Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Systemic Complications and Mortality. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 12 620 736 Individuals. Endocr Pract. 2022;28:667-672. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.016.Quek J., Ng C.H., Tang A.S.P. et al. Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Systemic Complications and Mortality. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 12 620 736 Individuals. Endocr Pract. 2022;28:667-672. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.016.Mantovani A., Petracca G., Beatrice G. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis. Gut. 2022 Jan;71(1):156-162. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323082.Mantovani A., Petracca G., Beatrice G. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis. Gut. 2022 Jan;71(1):156-162. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323082.Cordeiro A.C., Amparo F.C., Oliveira M.A.C. et al. Epicardial fat accumulation, cardiometabolic profile and cardiovascular events in patients with stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med. 2015;278:77-87. doi: 10.1111/joim.12344.Cordeiro A.C., Amparo F.C., Oliveira M.A.C. et al. Epicardial fat accumulation, cardiometabolic profile and cardiovascular events in patients with stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med. 2015;278:77-87. doi: 10.1111/joim.12344.Perdomo C.M., Martin-Calvo N., Ezponda A. et al. Epicardial and liver fat implications in albuminuria: a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:308. doi: 10.1186/s12933-024-02399-5.Perdomo C.M., Martin-Calvo N., Ezponda A. et al. Epicardial and liver fat implications in albuminuria: a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:308. doi: 10.1186/s12933-024-02399-5.Bilson J., Mantovani A., Byrne C.D., Targher G. Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab. 2024 Jan;50(1):101506. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101506.Bilson J., Mantovani A., Byrne C.D., Targher G. Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab. 2024 Jan;50(1):101506. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101506.Ciardullo S., Ballabeni C., Trevisan R., Perseghin G. Liver Stiffness, Albuminuria and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with NAFLD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(1):105. doi: 10.3390/biom12010105.Ciardullo S., Ballabeni C., Trevisan R., Perseghin G. Liver Stiffness, Albuminuria and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with NAFLD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(1):105. doi: 10.3390/biom12010105.Muzurović E., Peng C.C., Belanger M.J. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: a Review of Shared Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Hypertension. 2022 Jul;79(7):1319-1326. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.17982.Muzurović E., Peng C.C., Belanger M.J. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: a Review of Shared Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Hypertension. 2022 Jul;79(7):1319-1326. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.17982.Schonmann Y., Yeshua H., Bentov I., Zelber-Sagi S. Liver fibrosis marker is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Jan;53(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.014.Schonmann Y., Yeshua H., Bentov I., Zelber-Sagi S. Liver fibrosis marker is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Jan;53(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.014.Perdomo C.M., Garcia-Fernandez N., Escalada J. Diabetic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Triumvirate? J Clin Med. 2021 May 10;10(9):2040. doi: 10.3390/jcm10092040.Perdomo C.M., Garcia-Fernandez N., Escalada J. Diabetic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Triumvirate? J Clin Med. 2021 May 10;10(9):2040. doi: 10.3390/jcm10092040.Speakman J.R., Westerterp K.R. Reverse epidemiology, obesity and mortality in chronic kidney disease: modelling mortality expectations using energetics. Blood Purif. 2010;29(2):150-7. doi: 10.1159/000245642.Speakman J.R., Westerterp K.R. Reverse epidemiology, obesity and mortality in chronic kidney disease: modelling mortality expectations using energetics. Blood Purif. 2010;29(2):150-7. doi: 10.1159/000245642.Kalantar-Zadeh K., Rhee C.M., Chou J. et al. The Obesity Paradox in Kidney Disease: How to Reconcile it with Obesity Management. Kidney Int Rep. 2017 Mar;2(2):271-281. doi: 10.1016/j. ekir.2017.01.009.Kalantar-Zadeh K., Rhee C.M., Chou J. et al. The Obesity Paradox in Kidney Disease: How to Reconcile it with Obesity Management. Kidney Int Rep. 2017 Mar;2(2):271-281. doi: 10.1016/j. ekir.2017.01.009.Dierkes J., Dahl H., Lervaag Welland N. et al. High rates of central obesity and sarcopenia in CKD irrespective of renal replacement therapy - an observational cross-sectional study. BMC nephrology. 19(1), 259. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-1055-6.Dierkes J., Dahl H., Lervaag Welland N. et al. High rates of central obesity and sarcopenia in CKD irrespective of renal replacement therapy - an observational cross-sectional study. BMC nephrology. 19(1), 259. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-1055-6.Misnikova I.V., Kovaleva Yu.A., Klimina N.A. Sarkopenicheskoe ozhirenie. RMZh 2017;(1):24-29. (in Russ.)@@ Мисникова И.В., Ковалева Ю.А., Климина Н.А. Саркопеническое ожирение. РМЖ 2017;(1):24-29.Misnikova I.V., Kovaleva Yu.A., Klimina N.A. Sarkopenicheskoe ozhirenie. RMZh 2017;(1):24-29. (in Russ.)@@ Мисникова И.В., Ковалева Ю.А., Климина Н.А. Саркопеническое ожирение. РМЖ 2017;(1):24-29.Zha Y., Qian Q. Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (3): 208. doi: 10.3390/nu9030208.Zha Y., Qian Q. Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (3): 208. doi: 10.3390/nu9030208.Vetchinnikova O.N., Pichugina I.S. [Protein-energy malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis therapy]. Moscow, 2015; 55 P. (in Russ.)@@ Ветчинникова О.Н., Пичугина И.С. Белково-энергетическая недостаточность у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек на диализной терапии. Учебное пособие. М:, 2015. - C. 55.Vetchinnikova O.N., Pichugina I.S. [Protein-energy malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis therapy]. Moscow, 2015; 55 P. (in Russ.)@@ Ветчинникова О.Н., Пичугина И.С. Белково-энергетическая недостаточность у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек на диализной терапии. Учебное пособие. М:, 2015. - C. 55.Carrero J.J., Stenvinkel P., Cuppari L. et al. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013; 23 (2): 77-90. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001.Carrero J.J., Stenvinkel P., Cuppari L. et al. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013; 23 (2): 77-90. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001.Zueva T.V., Zhdanova T.V., Uraslina S.E. et al. Chronic kidney disease as a proinflammatory syndrome. Vrach. 2020; 31 (6): 27-34. (in Russ.) doi: 10.29296/25877305-2020-06-05.@@ Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В., Уразлина С.Е. и др. Хроническая болезнь почек как провоспалительный синдром. Врач. 2020; 31 (6): 27-34. doi: 10.29296/ 25877305-2020-06-05.Zueva T.V., Zhdanova T.V., Uraslina S.E. et al. Chronic kidney disease as a proinflammatory syndrome. Vrach. 2020; 31 (6): 27-34. (in Russ.) doi: 10.29296/25877305-2020-06-05.@@ Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В., Уразлина С.Е. и др. Хроническая болезнь почек как провоспалительный синдром. Врач. 2020; 31 (6): 27-34. doi: 10.29296/ 25877305-2020-06-05.Aggarwal H.K., Jain D., Chauda R., Bhatia S., Sehgal R. Assessment of Malnutrition Inflammation Score in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2018 Dec 1;39(2-3):51-61. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0042.Aggarwal H.K., Jain D., Chauda R., Bhatia S., Sehgal R. Assessment of Malnutrition Inflammation Score in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2018 Dec 1;39(2-3):51-61. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0042.Jagadeswaran D., Indhumathi E., Hemamalini A.J. et al. Inflammation and nutritional status assessment by malnutrition inflammation score and its outcome in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38 (1): 341-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.001.Jagadeswaran D., Indhumathi E., Hemamalini A.J. et al. Inflammation and nutritional status assessment by malnutrition inflammation score and its outcome in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38 (1): 341-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.001.Zhang K., Gao J., Chen J. et al. MICS, an easily ignored contributor to arterial calcification in CKD patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016; 311 (4): F663-F670. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2016.Zhang K., Gao J., Chen J. et al. MICS, an easily ignored contributor to arterial calcification in CKD patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016; 311 (4): F663-F670. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2016.Sabatino A., Regolisti G., Karupaiah T. et al. Protein-energy Wasting and Nutritional Supplementation in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36 (3): 663-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.007.Sabatino A., Regolisti G., Karupaiah T. et al. Protein-energy Wasting and Nutritional Supplementation in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36 (3): 663-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.007.Windahl K., Faxen Irving G., Almquist T. et al. Prevalence and Risk of Protein-Energy Wasting Assessed by Subjective Global Assessment in Older Adults With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the EQUAL Study. J Ren Nutr. 2018; 28 (3): 165-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.002.Windahl K., Faxen Irving G., Almquist T. et al. Prevalence and Risk of Protein-Energy Wasting Assessed by Subjective Global Assessment in Older Adults With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the EQUAL Study. J Ren Nutr. 2018; 28 (3): 165-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.002.Johansen KL, Lee C. Body composition in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2015 May;24(3):268-75. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000120.Johansen KL, Lee C. Body composition in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2015 May;24(3):268-75. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000120.Yang X., Bi P., Kuang S. Fighting obesity: When muscle meets fat. Adipocyte. 2014;3(4):280-289. doi: 10.4161/21623945.2014.964075.Yang X., Bi P., Kuang S. Fighting obesity: When muscle meets fat. Adipocyte. 2014;3(4):280-289. doi: 10.4161/21623945.2014.964075.Lee Y.S., Wollam J., Olefsky J.M. An Integrated View of Immunometabolism. Cell. 2018;172(1-2):22-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.025.Lee Y.S., Wollam J., Olefsky J.M. An Integrated View of Immunometabolism. Cell. 2018;172(1-2):22-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.025.Liu J., Liu Z. Muscle Insulin Resistance and the Inflamed Microvasculature: Fire from Within.Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3). doi: 10.3390/ijms20030562.Liu J., Liu Z. Muscle Insulin Resistance and the Inflamed Microvasculature: Fire from Within.Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3). doi: 10.3390/ijms20030562.Elkhouli E., Nagy E., Santos C.G.S. et al. Mixed uremic osteodystrophy: an ill-described common bone pathology in patients with chronic kidney disease. Osteoporos Int. 2023 Dec;34(12):2003-2012. doi: 10.1007/s00198-023-06886-5.Elkhouli E., Nagy E., Santos C.G.S. et al. Mixed uremic osteodystrophy: an ill-described common bone pathology in patients with chronic kidney disease. Osteoporos Int. 2023 Dec;34(12):2003-2012. doi: 10.1007/s00198-023-06886-5.Kalaitzidis R.G., Elisaf M.S. Treatment of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20 (8): 64. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0864-0.Kalaitzidis R.G., Elisaf M.S. Treatment of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20 (8): 64. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0864-0.Zueva T.V., Zhdanova T.V. Arterial hypertension in chronic kidney disease: the current state of the problem. Lechashchij vrach. 2020;9:11-14. (in Russ.) doi: 10.26295/OS.2020.19.20.002.@@ Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В. Артериальная гипертензия при хронической болезни почек: современное состояние проблемы. Лечащий врач. 2020;9:11-14. doi: 10.26295/OS.2020.19.20.002.Zueva T.V., Zhdanova T.V. Arterial hypertension in chronic kidney disease: the current state of the problem. Lechashchij vrach. 2020;9:11-14. (in Russ.) doi: 10.26295/OS.2020.19.20.002.@@ Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В. Артериальная гипертензия при хронической болезни почек: современное состояние проблемы. Лечащий врач. 2020;9:11-14. doi: 10.26295/OS.2020.19.20.002.Van Buren P.N., Inrig J.K. Special Situations: Intradialytic Hypertension/Chronic Hypertension and Intradialytic Hypotension. Semin Dial. 2017; 30 (6): 545-552. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12631.Van Buren P.N., Inrig J.K. Special Situations: Intradialytic Hypertension/Chronic Hypertension and Intradialytic Hypotension. Semin Dial. 2017; 30 (6): 545-552. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12631.[Chronic kidney disease (CKD)]. Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 2024. (in Russ.) Available at: https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%A5%D0%91%D0%9F_%D0%BE%D1%82_10.06.2024.pdf?ysclid=m5ii8351vc166471968 (Accessed: 05.02,2025.)@@ Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Клинические рекомендации МЗ РФ 2024. URL: https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%A5%D0%91%D0%9F_%D0%BE%D1%82_10.06.2024.pdf?ysclid=m5ii8351vc166471968[Chronic kidney disease (CKD)]. Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 2024. (in Russ.) Available at: https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%A5%D0%91%D0%9F_%D0%BE%D1%82_10.06.2024.pdf?ysclid=m5ii8351vc166471968 (Accessed: 05.02,2025.)@@ Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Клинические рекомендации МЗ РФ 2024. URL: https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%A5%D0%91%D0%9F_%D0%BE%D1%82_10.06.2024.pdf?ysclid=m5ii8351vc166471968Xie K., Bao L., Jiang X. et al. The association of metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18, 229. doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1121-5.Xie K., Bao L., Jiang X. et al. The association of metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18, 229. doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1121-5.Kobalava Zh.D., Konradi A.O., Nedogoda S.V. et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3):3786. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.@@ Кобалава Ж.Д., Конради А.О., Недогода С.В. и др. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):3786. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.Kobalava Zh.D., Konradi A.O., Nedogoda S.V. et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3):3786. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.@@ Кобалава Ж.Д., Конради А.О., Недогода С.В. и др. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):3786. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.Thomas G., Xie D., Chen H.Y. et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Report From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Hypertension. 2016;67(2):387-96. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06487.Thomas G., Xie D., Chen H.Y. et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Report From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Hypertension. 2016;67(2):387-96. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06487.Shlyakhto EV, Konradi AO, Zvartau NE, et al. Influence on the autonomic cardiovascular system regulation in the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmias and heart failure.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(9):5195. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5195.@@ Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О., Звартау Н.Э. и др. Воздействие на автономную регуляцию сердечно-сосудистой системы как стратегическое направление лечения артериальной гипертензии, нарушений ритма и сердечной недостаточности. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(9):5195. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5195.Shlyakhto EV, Konradi AO, Zvartau NE, et al. Influence on the autonomic cardiovascular system regulation in the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmias and heart failure.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(9):5195. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5195.@@ Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О., Звартау Н.Э. и др. Воздействие на автономную регуляцию сердечно-сосудистой системы как стратегическое направление лечения артериальной гипертензии, нарушений ритма и сердечной недостаточности. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(9):5195. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5195.Manukyan М.A., Falkovskaya A. Yu., Mordovin V.F. et al. Features of erythrocyte membranes beta-adrenoreactivity in patients with resistant hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2022;37(3):98-107. (In Russ.) doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-3-98-107.@@ Манукян М.А., Фальковская А.Ю., Мордовин В.Ф. и др. Особенности бета-адренореактивности мембран эритроцитов у больных резистентной артериальной гипертензией в сочетании с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины. 2022;37(3):98-107. doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-3-98-107.Manukyan М.A., Falkovskaya A. Yu., Mordovin V.F. et al. Features of erythrocyte membranes beta-adrenoreactivity in patients with resistant hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2022;37(3):98-107. (In Russ.) doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-3-98-107.@@ Манукян М.А., Фальковская А.Ю., Мордовин В.Ф. и др. Особенности бета-адренореактивности мембран эритроцитов у больных резистентной артериальной гипертензией в сочетании с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины. 2022;37(3):98-107. doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-3-98-107.Golovach I. Yu., Yehudina Ye.D., Ter-Vartanіan S. Kh. Asymptomatic hyperturicemia: secret relationships, invisible effects and potential complications. Nauchcno-Practicheskaya Revmatologia=Rheumatology Science and Practice. 58(6):725-733 (In Russ.) doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-725-733.@@ Головач И.Ю., Егудина Е.Д., Тер-Вартаньян С.Х. Бессимптомная гиперурикемия: тайные взаимосвязи, невидимые эффекты и потенциальные осложнения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(6):725-733. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-725-733.Golovach I. Yu., Yehudina Ye.D., Ter-Vartanіan S. Kh. Asymptomatic hyperturicemia: secret relationships, invisible effects and potential complications. Nauchcno-Practicheskaya Revmatologia=Rheumatology Science and Practice. 58(6):725-733 (In Russ.) doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-725-733.@@ Головач И.Ю., Егудина Е.Д., Тер-Вартаньян С.Х. Бессимптомная гиперурикемия: тайные взаимосвязи, невидимые эффекты и потенциальные осложнения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(6):725-733. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-725-733.Ostroumova O.D., Borisova E.V., Ostroumova T.M. et al. 24-Hour Arterial Pressure Variability: Prognostic Significance, Methods of Evaluation, Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy. Kardiologiia. 2017;57(12):62-72. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18087/cardio.2017.12.10068.@@ Остроумова О.Д., Борисова Е.В., Остроумова Т.М. и др. Вариабельность артериального давления в течение суток: прогностическое значение, методы оценки и влияние антигипертензивной терапии. Кардиология. 2017;57(12):62-72. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2017.12.10068.Ostroumova O.D., Borisova E.V., Ostroumova T.M. et al. 24-Hour Arterial Pressure Variability: Prognostic Significance, Methods of Evaluation, Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy. Kardiologiia. 2017;57(12):62-72. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18087/cardio.2017.12.10068.@@ Остроумова О.Д., Борисова Е.В., Остроумова Т.М. и др. Вариабельность артериального давления в течение суток: прогностическое значение, методы оценки и влияние антигипертензивной терапии. Кардиология. 2017;57(12):62-72. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2017.12.10068.Blinova N.V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Azimova M.O. et al. The influence of systemic and ectopic fat depots on the state of kidney function. Systemic Hypertension. 2022;19(4):5-15. (In Russ.) doi: 10.38109/2075-082X-2022-4-5-15.@@ Блинова Н.B., Жернакова Ю.В., Азимова М.О. и др. Влияние системных и эктопических жировых депо на состояние функции почек. Системные гипертензии. 2022;19(4):5-15. doi: 10.38109/2075-082X-2022-4-5-15.Blinova N.V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Azimova M.O. et al. The influence of systemic and ectopic fat depots on the state of kidney function. Systemic Hypertension. 2022;19(4):5-15. (In Russ.) doi: 10.38109/2075-082X-2022-4-5-15.@@ Блинова Н.B., Жернакова Ю.В., Азимова М.О. и др. Влияние системных и эктопических жировых депо на состояние функции почек. Системные гипертензии. 2022;19(4):5-15. doi: 10.38109/2075-082X-2022-4-5-15.Spit K.A., Muskiet M.H.A., Tonneijck L. et al. Renal sinus fat and renal hemodynamics: a cross-sectional analysis. MAGMA. 202;33:73-80. doi: 10.1007/s10334-019-00773-z.Spit K.A., Muskiet M.H.A., Tonneijck L. et al. Renal sinus fat and renal hemodynamics: a cross-sectional analysis. MAGMA. 202;33:73-80. doi: 10.1007/s10334-019-00773-z.Xu S., Ma J., Zheng Y. et al. Para-perirenal fat thickness is associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate regardless of other obesity-related indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PloS One. 2023;18:1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293464.Xu S., Ma J., Zheng Y. et al. Para-perirenal fat thickness is associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate regardless of other obesity-related indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PloS One. 2023;18:1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293464.Afanasyev S.A., Popova A.A., Rebrova T. Yu. et al. Sympathetic activity markers in patients with resistant hypertension with renal dysfunction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(9):4047. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4047.@@ Афанасьев С.А., Попова А.А., Реброва Т.Ю. и др. Маркеры симпатической активности у больных резистентной артериальной гипертензией при дисфункции почек. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(9):4047. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4047.Afanasyev S.A., Popova A.A., Rebrova T. Yu. et al. Sympathetic activity markers in patients with resistant hypertension with renal dysfunction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(9):4047. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4047.@@ Афанасьев С.А., Попова А.А., Реброва Т.Ю. и др. Маркеры симпатической активности у больных резистентной артериальной гипертензией при дисфункции почек. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(9):4047. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4047.Lebedeva E.N., Vyalkova A.A., Afonina S.N., Chesnokova S.A. Dyslipidemia as a pathogenetic factor of the progression of the chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2019; 23 (5): 56-64 (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-5-56-64.@@ Лебедева Е.Н., Вялкова А.А., Афонина С.Н., Чеснокова С.А. Дислипидемия как патогенетический фактор прогрессирования хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2019; 23 (5): 56-64. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-5-56-64.Lebedeva E.N., Vyalkova A.A., Afonina S.N., Chesnokova S.A. Dyslipidemia as a pathogenetic factor of the progression of the chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2019; 23 (5): 56-64 (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-5-56-64.@@ Лебедева Е.Н., Вялкова А.А., Афонина С.Н., Чеснокова С.А. Дислипидемия как патогенетический фактор прогрессирования хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2019; 23 (5): 56-64. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-5-56-64.Butt L., Unnersjö-Jess D., Höhne M. et al. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab. 2020;(2):461-474. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y.Butt L., Unnersjö-Jess D., Höhne M. et al. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab. 2020;(2):461-474. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y.Wang H., Zhang S., Guo J. Lipotoxic Proximal Tubular Injury: A Primary Event in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front. Med. 2021;8:751529. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751529.Wang H., Zhang S., Guo J. Lipotoxic Proximal Tubular Injury: A Primary Event in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front. Med. 2021;8:751529. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751529.Barbarash O.L., Karetnikova V.N., Kochergina A.M. et al. Overweigh and obesity among Kemerovo population: frequency and association with cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiology: news, opinions, training. 2016;4:44-49. (In Russ.)@@ Барбараш О.Л., Каретникова В.Н., Кочергина А.М. и др. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение среди жителей Кемеровской области: распространенность, ассоциация с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016;4:44-49.Barbarash O.L., Karetnikova V.N., Kochergina A.M. et al. Overweigh and obesity among Kemerovo population: frequency and association with cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiology: news, opinions, training. 2016;4:44-49. (In Russ.)@@ Барбараш О.Л., Каретникова В.Н., Кочергина А.М. и др. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение среди жителей Кемеровской области: распространенность, ассоциация с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016;4:44-49.Lyndina M.L., Shishkin A.N. Vascular disorders in obesity: risk factors and clinical features. 2018;(2):9-13. (In Russ.)@@ Лындина М.Л., Шишкин А.Н. Сосудистые нарушения при ожирении: факторы риска и клинические особенности. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13.Lyndina M.L., Shishkin A.N. Vascular disorders in obesity: risk factors and clinical features. 2018;(2):9-13. (In Russ.)@@ Лындина М.Л., Шишкин А.Н. Сосудистые нарушения при ожирении: факторы риска и клинические особенности. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13.Ladeiras-Lopes R., Moreira H.T., Bettencourt N. et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired diastolic function independently of MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume: the MESA study. Diabetes. 2018; May,67(5):1007-1012. doi: 10.2337/db17-1496.Ladeiras-Lopes R., Moreira H.T., Bettencourt N. et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired diastolic function independently of MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume: the MESA study. Diabetes. 2018; May,67(5):1007-1012. doi: 10.2337/db17-1496.Xu Z., Yang S., Cui, L. Understanding the heterogeneity and dysfunction of HDL in chronic kidney disease: insights from recent reviews. BMC Nephrol. 2024;25: 400. doi: 10.1186/s12882-024-03808-3.Xu Z., Yang S., Cui, L. Understanding the heterogeneity and dysfunction of HDL in chronic kidney disease: insights from recent reviews. BMC Nephrol. 2024;25: 400. doi: 10.1186/s12882-024-03808-3.Kronenberg F. HDL in CKD - the devil is in the detail. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29:1356-1371. doi: 10.1681/asn. 2017070798.Kronenberg F. HDL in CKD - the devil is in the detail. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29:1356-1371. doi: 10.1681/asn. 2017070798.Florens N., Calzada C., Lyasko E. et al. Modified lipids and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease: a new class of uremic toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(12):376-403. doi: 10.3390/toxins8120376.Florens N., Calzada C., Lyasko E. et al. Modified lipids and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease: a new class of uremic toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(12):376-403. doi: 10.3390/toxins8120376.Di Bartolo B., Scherer D.J., Brown A. PCSK9 inhibitors in hyperlipidemia: current status and clinical outlook. Bio Drugs. 2017; 31:167-174. doi: 10.1007/s40259-017-0220-y.Di Bartolo B., Scherer D.J., Brown A. PCSK9 inhibitors in hyperlipidemia: current status and clinical outlook. Bio Drugs. 2017; 31:167-174. doi: 10.1007/s40259-017-0220-y.Bashkinov R.A., Batluk T.I., Melnikov E.S. et al. In uence of metabolic disorders on the development of renal pathology. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2022;3(2):7-18. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-2-7-18.@@ Башкинов Р.А., Батлук Т.И., Мельников Е.С. и др. Влияние метаболических нару шений на формирование патологии почек. Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики. 2022;3(2):7-18. doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-2-7-18.Bashkinov R.A., Batluk T.I., Melnikov E.S. et al. In uence of metabolic disorders on the development of renal pathology. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2022;3(2):7-18. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-2-7-18.@@ Башкинов Р.А., Батлук Т.И., Мельников Е.С. и др. Влияние метаболических нару шений на формирование патологии почек. Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики. 2022;3(2):7-18. doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-2-7-18.Vaziri N.D. Disorders of lipid metabolism in nephrotic syndrome: mechanisms and consequences. Kidney Int. 2016; 90(1): 41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.026.Vaziri N.D. Disorders of lipid metabolism in nephrotic syndrome: mechanisms and consequences. Kidney Int. 2016; 90(1): 41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.026.Liang X., Ye M., Tao M. et al. The association between dyslipidemia and the incidence of chronic kidney disease in the general Zhejiang population: a retrospective study. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:252. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01907-5.Liang X., Ye M., Tao M. et al. The association between dyslipidemia and the incidence of chronic kidney disease in the general Zhejiang population: a retrospective study. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:252. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01907-5.Zverev Ya.F., Rykunova A. Ya. Several reasons for the development of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2020;24(1):9-21. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-9-21.@@ Зверев Я.Ф., Рыкунова А.Я. Некоторые причины развития протеинурии при нефротическом синдроме. Нефрология 2019; 24(1):9-21. doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-9-21 []Zverev Ya.F., Rykunova A. Ya. Several reasons for the development of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2020;24(1):9-21. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-9-21.@@ Зверев Я.Ф., Рыкунова А.Я. Некоторые причины развития протеинурии при нефротическом синдроме. Нефрология 2019; 24(1):9-21. doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-9-21 []Sifuentes-Franco S., Padilla-Tejeda D.E., Carillo-Ibarra S., Miranda-Diaz A.G. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function in diabetic nephropathy.Int Endocrinol. 2018; 2018: 1875870. doi: 10.1155/2018/1875870.Sifuentes-Franco S., Padilla-Tejeda D.E., Carillo-Ibarra S., Miranda-Diaz A.G. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function in diabetic nephropathy.Int Endocrinol. 2018; 2018: 1875870. doi: 10.1155/2018/1875870.Tung C.W., Hsu Y.C., Shih Y.H. et al. Glomerular mesangial cell and podocyte injures in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology. 2018; 23 (Suppl 4): 32-37. doi: 10.1111/nep.1345116-18.Tung C.W., Hsu Y.C., Shih Y.H. et al. Glomerular mesangial cell and podocyte injures in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology. 2018; 23 (Suppl 4): 32-37. doi: 10.1111/nep.1345116-18.Zhang L., Ren Z., Yang Q., Ding G. Csk regulates angiotensin II-induced podocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2016; 21 (7): 846-855. doi: 10.1007/s10495-016-1256-z.Zhang L., Ren Z., Yang Q., Ding G. Csk regulates angiotensin II-induced podocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2016; 21 (7): 846-855. doi: 10.1007/s10495-016-1256-z.Dai H., Liu Q., Liu B. Research progress on mechanism of podocyte depletion in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017: 2615286. doi: 10.1155/2017/2615286.Dai H., Liu Q., Liu B. Research progress on mechanism of podocyte depletion in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017: 2615286. doi: 10.1155/2017/2615286.Jo H.A., Kim J.G., Yang S.H. et al. The role of local IL6/JAK2/ STAT3 signaling in high glucose-induced podocyte hypertrophy. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2016; 35 (4): 212-218. doi: 10.1016/j. krcp.2016.09.003.Jo H.A., Kim J.G., Yang S.H. et al. The role of local IL6/JAK2/ STAT3 signaling in high glucose-induced podocyte hypertrophy. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2016; 35 (4): 212-218. doi: 10.1016/j. krcp.2016.09.003.Li Y., Kang Y.S., Dai C. et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a potential pathway leading to podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria. Am J Path. 2008; 172 (2): 299-308. doi: 10.2353/ ajpath.2008.070057.Li Y., Kang Y.S., Dai C. et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a potential pathway leading to podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria. Am J Path. 2008; 172 (2): 299-308. doi: 10.2353/ ajpath.2008.070057.Bose M., Almas S., Prabhakar S. Wnt signaling and podocyte dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. J Investig Med. 2017; 0: 1-9. doi: 10.1136/jim-2017-000456.Bose M., Almas S., Prabhakar S. Wnt signaling and podocyte dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. J Investig Med. 2017; 0: 1-9. doi: 10.1136/jim-2017-000456.Thomas H.Y., Ford Versypt A.N. Pathophysiology of mesangial expansion in diabetic nephropathy: mesangial structure, glomerular biomechanics, and biochemical signaling and regulation. J Biol Eng. 2022; 16, 19 doi: 10.1186/s13036-022-00299-4.Thomas H.Y., Ford Versypt A.N. Pathophysiology of mesangial expansion in diabetic nephropathy: mesangial structure, glomerular biomechanics, and biochemical signaling and regulation. J Biol Eng. 2022; 16, 19 doi: 10.1186/s13036-022-00299-4.Yamanouchi M., Furuichi K., Hoshino J. et al. Nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020; 24:573-581. doi: 10.1007/s10157-020-01881-0.Yamanouchi M., Furuichi K., Hoshino J. et al. Nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020; 24:573-581. doi: 10.1007/s10157-020-01881-0.Mottl A.K., Kwon K.S., Mauer M. et al. Normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease in the U.S. population. J Diabetes Complicat. 2013;27(2):123-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.010.Mottl A.K., Kwon K.S., Mauer M. et al. Normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease in the U.S. population. J Diabetes Complicat. 2013;27(2):123-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.010.Fang C., Sun L., Liu Y., Xiao L., Sun L. [Non-Classical Clinical Types and Pathological Changes of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Nov 20;54(6):1074-1079. Chinese. doi: 10.12182/20231160102.Fang C., Sun L., Liu Y., Xiao L., Sun L. [Non-Classical Clinical Types and Pathological Changes of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Nov 20;54(6):1074-1079. Chinese. doi: 10.12182/20231160102.Porrini E., Ruggenenti P., Mogensen C.E. et al., ERA-EDTA diabesity working group. Non-proteinuric pathways in loss of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(5):382-91. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00094-7.Porrini E., Ruggenenti P., Mogensen C.E. et al., ERA-EDTA diabesity working group. Non-proteinuric pathways in loss of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(5):382-91. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00094-7.Hwang S., Park J., Kim J. et al. Tissue expression of tubular injury markers is associated with renal function decline in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complicat. 2017;31:1704-1709. doi: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2017.08.009.Hwang S., Park J., Kim J. et al. Tissue expression of tubular injury markers is associated with renal function decline in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complicat. 2017;31:1704-1709. doi: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2017.08.009.Swaminathan S.M., Rao I.R., Shenoy S.V. et al. Novel biomarkers for prognosticating diabetic kidney disease progression.Int Urol Nephrol. 2023 Apr;55(4):913-928. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03354-7.Swaminathan S.M., Rao I.R., Shenoy S.V. et al. Novel biomarkers for prognosticating diabetic kidney disease progression.Int Urol Nephrol. 2023 Apr;55(4):913-928. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03354-7.Levitskaya E.S., Batyushin M.M., Zakusilov D.I., Batyushina A.M. Cardiorenal continuum: clinical and pathogenetic relationships between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal tubular dysfunction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(9):4063. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4063.@@ Левицкая Е.С., Батюшин М.М., Закусилов Д.И., Батюшина А.М. Кардиоренальный континуум: клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи между хронической сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса и дисфункцией канальцев почек. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024; 23(9):4063. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4063.Levitskaya E.S., Batyushin M.M., Zakusilov D.I., Batyushina A.M. Cardiorenal continuum: clinical and pathogenetic relationships between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal tubular dysfunction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(9):4063. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4063.@@ Левицкая Е.С., Батюшин М.М., Закусилов Д.И., Батюшина А.М. Кардиоренальный континуум: клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи между хронической сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса и дисфункцией канальцев почек. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024; 23(9):4063. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4063.Bartáková V., Kuricová K., Pácal L. et al. Hyperuricemia contributes to the faster progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat. 2016;30:1300-1307. doi: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2016.06.002.Bartáková V., Kuricová K., Pácal L. et al. Hyperuricemia contributes to the faster progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat. 2016;30:1300-1307. doi: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2016.06.002.De C.S., Viazzi F., Pacilli A. et al. Serum uric acid and risk of CKD in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1921. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03140315.De C.S., Viazzi F., Pacilli A. et al. Serum uric acid and risk of CKD in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1921. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03140315.Zhou F., Yu G., Wang G. et al. Association of serum uric acid levels with the incident of kidney disease and rapid eGFR decline in Chinese individuals with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and negative proteinuria. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2019;23(7):871-879. doi: 10.1007/s10157-019-01705-w.Zhou F., Yu G., Wang G. et al. Association of serum uric acid levels with the incident of kidney disease and rapid eGFR decline in Chinese individuals with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and negative proteinuria. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2019;23(7):871-879. doi: 10.1007/s10157-019-01705-w.Srivastava A., Kaze A.D., McMullan C.J. et al. Uric Acid and the Risks of Kidney Failure and Death in Individuals With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71(3):362-370. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.08.017.Srivastava A., Kaze A.D., McMullan C.J. et al. Uric Acid and the Risks of Kidney Failure and Death in Individuals With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71(3):362-370. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.08.017.Mazurov V.I., Bashkinov R.A., Gaidukova I.Z., Fonturenko A. Yu. The effect of asymptomatic hyperuricemia on comorbidities and the possibility of its correction. RMJ. 2021;7:24-30. (In Russ.)@@ Мазуров В.И., Башкинов Р.А., Гайдукова И.З., Фонтуренко А.Ю. Влияние бессимптомной гиперурикемии на коморбидные заболевания и возможности ее коррекции. РМЖ. 2021;7:24-30.Mazurov V.I., Bashkinov R.A., Gaidukova I.Z., Fonturenko A. Yu. The effect of asymptomatic hyperuricemia on comorbidities and the possibility of its correction. RMJ. 2021;7:24-30. (In Russ.)@@ Мазуров В.И., Башкинов Р.А., Гайдукова И.З., Фонтуренко А.Ю. Влияние бессимптомной гиперурикемии на коморбидные заболевания и возможности ее коррекции. РМЖ. 2021;7:24-30.Liu N., Wang L., Yang T. et al. EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(11):2716-29. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014080793.Liu N., Wang L., Yang T. et al. EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(11):2716-29. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014080793.Giordano C., Karasik O., King-Morris K., Asmar A. Uric Acid as a Marker of Kidney Disease: Review of the Current Literature. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:382918. doi: 10.1155/2015/382918.Giordano C., Karasik O., King-Morris K., Asmar A. Uric Acid as a Marker of Kidney Disease: Review of the Current Literature. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:382918. doi: 10.1155/2015/382918.Xia X., Luo Q., Li B., Lin Z., Yu X., Huang F. Serum uric acid and mortality in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2016;65(9):1326-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.009.Xia X., Luo Q., Li B., Lin Z., Yu X., Huang F. Serum uric acid and mortality in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2016;65(9):1326-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.009.Tsai C.W., Chiu H.T., Huang H.C. et al. Uric acid predicts adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a novel insight from trajectory analyses. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(2):231-241. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx297.Tsai C.W., Chiu H.T., Huang H.C. et al. Uric acid predicts adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a novel insight from trajectory analyses. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(2):231-241. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx297.Diaz C., Rezende L.F.M., Sabag A. et al. Artificially sweetened beverages and health outcomes: an umbrella review. Adv Nutr. 2023;14:710-7. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.010.Diaz C., Rezende L.F.M., Sabag A. et al. Artificially sweetened beverages and health outcomes: an umbrella review. Adv Nutr. 2023;14:710-7. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.010.Silina N.V., Mazurina N.V., Ershova E.V., Komshilova K.A. The effect of sweeteners on carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic parameters and intestinal microbiota. Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(1):58-67. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet13020.@@ Силина Н.В., Мазурина Н.В., Ершова Е.В., Комшилова К.A. Влияние сахарозаменителей на углеводный обмен, метаболические показатели и кишечную микробиоту. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2024;21(1):58-67. doi: 10.14341/omet13020.Silina N.V., Mazurina N.V., Ershova E.V., Komshilova K.A. The effect of sweeteners on carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic parameters and intestinal microbiota. Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(1):58-67. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet13020.@@ Силина Н.В., Мазурина Н.В., Ершова Е.В., Комшилова К.A. Влияние сахарозаменителей на углеводный обмен, метаболические показатели и кишечную микробиоту. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2024;21(1):58-67. doi: 10.14341/omet13020.Debras C., Chazelas E., Sellem L. et al. Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. BMJ. (2022) 378: e071204. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071204.Debras C., Chazelas E., Sellem L. et al. Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. BMJ. (2022) 378: e071204. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071204.Ran Z., Zheng Y., Yu L. et al. Linking artificial sweetener intake with kidney function: insights from NHANES 2003-2006 and findings from Mendelian randomization research. Front. Nutr. 2024;11:1387676. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1387676.Ran Z., Zheng Y., Yu L. et al. Linking artificial sweetener intake with kidney function: insights from NHANES 2003-2006 and findings from Mendelian randomization research. Front. Nutr. 2024;11:1387676. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1387676.Gaudreault-Tremblay M. M., Foster B.J. Benefits of continuing RAAS inhibitors in advanced CKD. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2020;15(5):592-593. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02920320.Gaudreault-Tremblay M. M., Foster B.J. Benefits of continuing RAAS inhibitors in advanced CKD. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2020;15(5):592-593. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02920320.Alshahrani S. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway modulators in chronic kidney disease: A comparative review. Front. Pharmacol. 2023;14:1101068. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101068.Alshahrani S. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway modulators in chronic kidney disease: A comparative review. Front. Pharmacol. 2023;14:1101068. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101068.Dedov I., Shestakova M., Mayorov A. et al. Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care. Diabetes mellitus. 2023;26(2S):1-157. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM13042.@@ Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет. 2023;26(2S):1-157. doi: 10.14341/DM13042.Musso G., Cassader M., Cohney S. et al. Emerging Liver-Kidney Interactions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Trends Mol Med. 2015 Oct;21(10):645-662. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.005.Dedov I., Shestakova M., Mayorov A. et al. Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care. Diabetes mellitus. 2023;26(2S):1-157. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM13042.@@ Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет. 2023;26(2S):1-157. doi: 10.14341/DM13042.Musso G., Cassader M., Cohney S. et al. Emerging Liver-Kidney Interactions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Trends Mol Med. 2015 Oct;21(10):645-662. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.005.Hirata T., Tomita K., Kawai T. et al. Effect of Telmisartan or Losartan for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Fatty Liver Protection Trial by Telmisartan or Losartan Study (FANTASY).Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:587140. doi: 10.1155/2013/587140.Hirata T., Tomita K., Kawai T. et al. Effect of Telmisartan or Losartan for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Fatty Liver Protection Trial by Telmisartan or Losartan Study (FANTASY).Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:587140. doi: 10.1155/2013/587140.Orlic L., Mikolasevic I., Lukenda V. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the renin-angiotensin system blockers in the patients with chronic kidney disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2015;127(9-10):355-62. doi: 10.1007/s00508-014-0661-y.Orlic L., Mikolasevic I., Lukenda V. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the renin-angiotensin system blockers in the patients with chronic kidney disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2015;127(9-10):355-62. doi: 10.1007/s00508-014-0661-y.Chaumont M., Pourcelet A., Van Nuffelen M. et al. Acute kidney injury in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: Do angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors carry a risk? J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich). 2016;18(6):514-521. doi: 10.1111/jch.12795.Chaumont M., Pourcelet A., Van Nuffelen M. et al. Acute kidney injury in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: Do angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors carry a risk? J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich). 2016;18(6):514-521. doi: 10.1111/jch.12795.Bachmakov I.E., Fedoseev A.N., Denisova V.E. Beta-blockers and chronic kidney disease: a literature review. Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice. 2023;(4):68-77. (In Russ.) doi: 10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-68-77.@@ Башмаков Ю.Э., Федосеев А.Н., Денисова В.Е. Бета-адреноблокаторы и хроническая болезнь почек: литературный обзор. Качественная клиническая практика. 2023;(4):68-77. doi: 10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-68-77.Bachmakov I.E., Fedoseev A.N., Denisova V.E. Beta-blockers and chronic kidney disease: a literature review. Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice. 2023;(4):68-77. (In Russ.) doi: 10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-68-77.@@ Башмаков Ю.Э., Федосеев А.Н., Денисова В.Е. Бета-адреноблокаторы и хроническая болезнь почек: литературный обзор. Качественная клиническая практика. 2023;(4):68-77. doi: 10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-68-77.Dyadyk A.I., Taradin G.G., Suliman Yu.V. et al. Quality of life and physical working capacity in pulmonary sarcoidosis. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020; 10(1): 10-20. (in Russ.) doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-1-10-20@@ Дядык А.И., Тарадин Г.Г., Сулиман Ю.В. и др. Диуретики при хронической болезни почек. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020; 10(1): 10-20. doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-1-10-20.Dyadyk A.I., Taradin G.G., Suliman Yu.V. et al. Quality of life and physical working capacity in pulmonary sarcoidosis. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020; 10(1): 10-20. (in Russ.) doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-1-10-20@@ Дядык А.И., Тарадин Г.Г., Сулиман Ю.В. и др. Диуретики при хронической болезни почек. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020; 10(1): 10-20. doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-1-10-20.Pugh D., Gallacher P.J., Dhaun N. Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Drugs. 2019 Mar; 79(4): 365-379. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-1064-1.Pugh D., Gallacher P.J., Dhaun N. Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Drugs. 2019 Mar; 79(4): 365-379. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-1064-1.Bomback A.S. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in end-stage renal disease: efficacy and safety. Blood Purif. 2016; 41(1-3): 166-70. doi: 10.1159/000441262.Bomback A.S. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in end-stage renal disease: efficacy and safety. Blood Purif. 2016; 41(1-3): 166-70. doi: 10.1159/000441262.Pliasheshnikov MA, Titova ZA, Volkova YuV, Zhgut OG. Pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease in real clinical practice. Kliniches kaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;29(3):80-84 (In Russ.) doi: 10.32756/ 0869-5490-2020-3-80-84.@@ Пляшешников М.А., Титова З.А., Волкова Ю.В., Жгут О.Г. Фармакотерапия артериальной гипертонии у больных с хронической болезнью почек в реальной клинической практике. Клин фармакол тер. 2020;29(3):80-84. doi: 10.32756/ 0869-5490-2020-3-80-84.Pliasheshnikov MA, Titova ZA, Volkova YuV, Zhgut OG. Pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease in real clinical practice. Kliniches kaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;29(3):80-84 (In Russ.) doi: 10.32756/ 0869-5490-2020-3-80-84.@@ Пляшешников М.А., Титова З.А., Волкова Ю.В., Жгут О.Г. Фармакотерапия артериальной гипертонии у больных с хронической болезнью почек в реальной клинической практике. Клин фармакол тер. 2020;29(3):80-84. doi: 10.32756/ 0869-5490-2020-3-80-84.Gembillo G., Siligato R., Santoro D. Personalized Medicine in Kidney Disease. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(10):1501. doi: 10.3390/jpm13101501.Gembillo G., Siligato R., Santoro D. Personalized Medicine in Kidney Disease. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(10):1501. doi: 10.3390/jpm13101501.Mantovani A., Lombardi R., Cattazzo F. et al. MAFLD and CKD: An Updated Narrative Review.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 23;23(13):7007. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137007.Mantovani A., Lombardi R., Cattazzo F. et al. MAFLD and CKD: An Updated Narrative Review.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 23;23(13):7007. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137007.Article E. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline For Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrology and Dialysis. 2023;25(2):141-221. (In Russ.) doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-141-221.@@ Статья Р. Клинические Практические Рекомендации KDIGO 2022 по тактике ведения диабета при хронической болезни почек. Нефрология и диализ. 2023;25(2):141-221. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-141-221.Article E. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline For Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrology and Dialysis. 2023;25(2):141-221. (In Russ.) doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-141-221.@@ Статья Р. Клинические Практические Рекомендации KDIGO 2022 по тактике ведения диабета при хронической болезни почек. Нефрология и диализ. 2023;25(2):141-221. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-141-221.Ix J.H., Sharma K. Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(3):406-12. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009080820.Ix J.H., Sharma K. Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(3):406-12. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009080820.Calice-Silva V., Muenz D., Wong M.M.Y. et al.International practice patterns of dyslipidemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease under nephrology care: is it time to review guideline recommendations?. Lipids Health Dis. 22, 67 (2023). doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01833-z.Calice-Silva V., Muenz D., Wong M.M.Y. et al.International practice patterns of dyslipidemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease under nephrology care: is it time to review guideline recommendations?. Lipids Health Dis. 22, 67 (2023). doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01833-z.Shin J.I., Fine D.M., Sang Y. et al. Association of Rosuvastatin Use with Risk of Hematuria and Proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Sep;33(9):1767-1777. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022020135.Shin J.I., Fine D.M., Sang Y. et al. Association of Rosuvastatin Use with Risk of Hematuria and Proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Sep;33(9):1767-1777. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022020135.Mendes P., Robles P.G., Mathur S. Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: a comprehensive review of case reports. Physiother Can. 2014 Spring;66(2):124-32. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2012-65.Mendes P., Robles P.G., Mathur S. Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: a comprehensive review of case reports. Physiother Can. 2014 Spring;66(2):124-32. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2012-65.Grundy S.M., Stone N.J., Bailey A.L. et al. Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 25;73(24):3168-3209. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002.Grundy S.M., Stone N.J., Bailey A.L. et al. Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 25;73(24):3168-3209. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002.Liu X., Zhai T., Ma R. et al. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2018 Nov;40(1):289-297. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2018.1456463.Liu X., Zhai T., Ma R. et al. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2018 Nov;40(1):289-297. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2018.1456463.Su X., Xu B., Yan B., Qiao X., Wang L. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 2;12(11): e0187550. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187550.Su X., Xu B., Yan B., Qiao X., Wang L. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 2;12(11): e0187550. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187550.Goicoechea M., Garcia de Vinuesa S., Verdalles U. et al. Allopurinol and progression of CKD and cardiovascular events: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Apr;65(4):543-9. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.016.Goicoechea M., Garcia de Vinuesa S., Verdalles U. et al. Allopurinol and progression of CKD and cardiovascular events: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Apr;65(4):543-9. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.016.Fahmi A.N., Shehatou G.S., Shebl A.M., Salem H.A. Febuxostat exerts dose-dependent renoprotection in rats with cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;389(8):819-30. doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1258-y.Fahmi A.N., Shehatou G.S., Shebl A.M., Salem H.A. Febuxostat exerts dose-dependent renoprotection in rats with cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;389(8):819-30. doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1258-y.He L., Fan Y., Xiao W. et al. Febuxostat attenuates ER stress mediated kidney injury in a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 30;8(67):111295-111308. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22784.He L., Fan Y., Xiao W. et al. Febuxostat attenuates ER stress mediated kidney injury in a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 30;8(67):111295-111308. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22784.Mukri M.N.A., Kong W.Y., Mustafar R. et al. Role of febuxostat in retarding progression of diabetic kidney disease with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A 6-months open-label, randomized controlled trial. EXCLI J. 2018 Jun 13;17:563-575. doi: 10.17179/excli2018-1256.Mukri M.N.A., Kong W.Y., Mustafar R. et al. Role of febuxostat in retarding progression of diabetic kidney disease with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A 6-months open-label, randomized controlled trial. EXCLI J. 2018 Jun 13;17:563-575. doi: 10.17179/excli2018-1256.Foody J., Turpin R.S., Tidwell B.A. et al. Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2017 Nov;10(8):393-401.Foody J., Turpin R.S., Tidwell B.A. et al. Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2017 Nov;10(8):393-401.Kim S., Kim H.J., Ahn H.S. et al. Renoprotective effects of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2017 Sep;36(3):274-281. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.2017.36.3.274.Kim S., Kim H.J., Ahn H.S. et al. Renoprotective effects of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2017 Sep;36(3):274-281. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.2017.36.3.274.Yeliseyeva M. Ye., Yeliseyev M.S. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for development of renal pathology and the prospects for urate lowering therapy. Effective pharmacotherapy.2019;15(23):26-30. (in Russ.) doi 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-23-26-30.@@ Елисеева М.Е., Елисеев М.С. Гиперурикемия как фактор риска развития патологии почек и перспективы уратснижающей терапии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2019;15(23):26-30. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-23-26-30.Yeliseyeva M. Ye., Yeliseyev M.S. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for development of renal pathology and the prospects for urate lowering therapy. Effective pharmacotherapy.2019;15(23):26-30. (in Russ.) doi 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-23-26-30.@@ Елисеева М.Е., Елисеев М.С. Гиперурикемия как фактор риска развития патологии почек и перспективы уратснижающей терапии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2019;15(23):26-30. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-23-26-30.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.