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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-234-2-172-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастное ожирение, саркопения с ожирением и без него - фазы процесса старения?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age-related obesity, sarcopenia with and without obesity - phases of the aging process?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-1424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошинина</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshinina</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">solt54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-8413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галенко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6846-922X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацына</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsyna</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хорошинина Л.П., Галенко А.С., Кацына А.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хорошинина Л.П., Галенко А.С., Кацына А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khoroshinina L.P., Galenko A.S., Katsyna A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3084">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3084</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзорной статье речь идет о возрастном ожирении, саркопении с ожирением и саркопении без ожирения у пожилых и старых людей. Из результатов крупных эпидемиологических исследований стало известно, что саркопения чаще отмечается у пожилых и старых людей, но также может развиться в молодом возрасте и даже у детей с выраженной патологией различных органов и систем, что обусловлено развитием хронических воспалительных, аутоиммунных, эндокринных и онкологических заболеваний, нарушением двигательной активности, отсутствием сбалансированного питания, т. е., возникающая саркопения может быть как следствием, так и причиной различных заболеваний. Основным индикатором вероятной саркопении является сниженная мышечная сила, измеряемая динамометром. В настоящее время различают саркопению первичную, развившуюся вследствие возрастных изменений, без других явных причин, и вторичную, возникающую на фоне хронических заболеваний и патологических состояний. Выделяют острую и хроническую саркопению, при этом острая саркопения длится менее 6 месяцев и обычно связана с острым заболеванием или травмой; хроническая форма саркопении длится от 6 месяцев и более и причина её - хронические прогрессирующие заболевания. Хорошо известно, что по мере старения, в организме человека увеличивается количество жировой ткани с постепенной утратой мышечной массы. Возрастное накопление жировой ткани у пожилых и старых людей может сочетаться с саркопенией и тогда развивается саркопеническое ожирение, то есть сочетание возрастного уменьшения мышечной массы с увеличением количества жировой ткани. Саркопеническое ожирение ассоциируется с воспалением, повышенным риском переломов и наблюдается у пациентов с висцеральным ожирением, но у людей старших возрастных групп с избыточным накоплением подкожного жира отмечается более низкая смертность, что соответствует современному понятию «парадокса ожирения». В настоящее время в литературе имеется более 500 статей с противоречивыми результатами о влиянии ожирения на саркопению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article discusses age-related obesity, sarcopenia with obesity, sarcopenia without obesity in the elderly and old people. According to the results of large epidemiological studies, it is known that sarcopenia is more often observed in the elderly and old people, but can develop in young people and even in children with severe diseases, which is due to the development of chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, endocrine and oncological diseases, impaired motor activity, lack of balanced nutrition, i. e. the resulting sarcopenia can be both a consequence and a cause of various diseases. The main indicator of probable sarcopenia is reduced muscle strength measured by a dynamometer. Currently, a distinction is made between primary sarcopenia, which developed as a result of age-related changes, without other causes, and secondary sarcopenia, which occurs against the background of chronic diseases, pathological conditions. A distinction is made between acute and chronic sarcopenia, where acute sarcopenia lasts less than 6 months and is usually associated with an acute illness or injury; chronic sarcopenia lasts 6 months or more and is caused by chronic progressive diseases. It is well known that as a person ages, the amount of adipose tissue in the body increases with a gradual loss of muscle mass. Age-related accumulation of adipose tissue in the elderly and old people can be combined with sarcopenia, and then sarcopenic obesity develops, that is, a combination of age-related decrease in muscle mass with an increase in the amount of adipose tissue. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with inflammation, an increased risk of fractures and is observed in patients with visceral obesity, but older people with excess accumulation of subcutaneous fat have a lower mortality rate, which corresponds to the modern concept of the “obesity paradox”. Currently, there are more than 500 articles in the literature with conflicting results on the effect of obesity on sarcopenia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>пожилые</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. POP/DB/WPP/Rev.2019/POP/F05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. 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