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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-234-2-146-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3080</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальные модели воспалительных заболеваний кишечника: как сделать правильный выбор?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: how to make the right choice?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-9772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каландин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalandin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dm.kalandin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-3813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт аналитического приборостроения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каландин Д.А., Фоминых Ю.А., Сонин Д.Л., Галагудза М.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каландин Д.А., Фоминых Ю.А., Сонин Д.Л., Галагудза М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalandin D.A., Fominykh Y.A., Sonin D.L., Galagudza M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3080">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3080</self-uri><abstract><p>Язвенный колит (ЯК) и болезнь Крона (БК) входят в группу воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК), являясь хроническими рецидивирующими воспалительными заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта. На сегодняшний день наблюдается постоянный рост заболеваемости и инвалидизации среди трудоспособного молодого населения в возрасте 20-40 лет. Наиболее эффективным методом для изучения патогенеза заболевания и разработки новых линий терапии остается экспериментальное моделирование ВЗК in vivo. Существует более шестидесяти различных экспериментальных моделей ЯК и БК на животных, которые включают себя химически индуцированный колит (оксазолоновый, ТНБС, декстрансульфат натрия, уксусная кислота), модели с адоптивным переносом Т-клеток, генетические модели, модели со спонтанными мутациями и модели, индуцированные изменением состава кишечной микробиоты. Несмотря на результаты, полученные в исследованиях на животных и внесшие огромный вклад в изучение механизмов ВЗК, на сегодняшний день не существует идеальной модели, которая обеспечивала бы полное соответствие клинической ситуации. При выборе экспериментальной модели следует учитывать ряд факторов, а именно, локализацию воспаления, характер флогогенного стимула, динамику течения воспаления, особенности иммунного ответа и состав клеточного инфильтрата, а также наличие хронических осложнений, специфичных для двух важнейших форм ВЗК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) belong to the group of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), being chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. There is a continuous increase in morbidity and disability among the working-age young population aged 20-40 years. The most effective method for studying the pathogenesis of the disease and developing new lines of therapy remains experimental modelling of IBD in vivo. There are more than sixty different experimental models of UC and BC in animals, which include chemically induced colitis (oxazolone, TNBS, sodium dextran sulfate, acetic acid), models with adaptive T-cell transfer, genetic models, models with spontaneous mutations, and models induced by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Despite the results obtained in animal studies and which have made a huge contribution to the study of the mechanisms of IBD, today there is no ideal model that would ensure full compliance with the clinical situation. When choosing an experimental model, a number of factors should be taken into account, namely, the localization of inflammation, the nature of the inflammatory stimulus, the dynamics of the course of inflammation, the features of the immune response and the composition of the cellular infiltrate, as well as the presence of chronic complications specific to the two most important forms of IBD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные модели</kwd><kwd>химически индуцированный колит</kwd><kwd>биомодели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>Crohn’s disease</kwd><kwd>experimental models</kwd><kwd>chemically induced colitis</kwd><kwd>genetically engineered mouse models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng S.C., Shi H.Y., Hamidi N. et al. 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