nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-230-10-162-170nogr-3014Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWВозможности и недостатки современных неинвазивных методов диагностики метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печениPossibilities and disadvantages of modern non-invasive methods of diagnostics of metabolic-associated fatty liver diseasehttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-9077-7679КаршинаО. О.KarshinaO. O.karshinapoliklinika@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5800СабировИ. С.SabirovI. S.noemail@neicon.ruГОУ ВПО Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет имени первого Президента РФ Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияKyrgyz Russian Slavic University named after the First President of Russia B.N. YeltsinRussian Federation202410122024010162170Copyright © Каршина О.О., Сабиров И.С., 20242024Каршина О.О., Сабиров И.С.Karshina O.O., Sabirov I.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3014

Метаболически-ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени представляет собой широко распространенное заболевание, частота которого увеличивается по всему миру и стала одной из ведущих причин терминальных стадий заболеваний печени и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы с повышенной заболеваемостью и смертностью, связанными с печенью, и в целом. Новый термин, жировая болезнь печени, связанная с метаболической дисфункцией, имеет набор положительных диагностических критериев и, как было показано, имеет большую клиническую полезность. На данный момент не существует стандартизированных универсальных методов скрининга стеатоза печени, несмотря на то, что данное заболевание оказывает значительное воздействие на здоровье. Метаболически-ассоциированная жировая болезнь охватывает широкий спектр состояний, от простого стеатоза и стеатогепатита до фиброза и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы. Она также сопровождается многочисленными внепеченочными проявлениями, такими как сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, злокачественные новообразования вне печени, а также когнитивные и респираторные изменения. Учитывая обширные целевые органы поражения и высокую распространенность заболевания, критически важно своевременно выявлять людей с высоким риском метаболической дисфункции. Биопсия печени до настоящего времени считалась эталонным методом оценки стадии стеатоза и фиброза печени. Учитывая ограничения биопсии для широкомасштабного скрининга, неинвазивные тесты для оценки стадии стеатоза и фиброза, включая алгоритмы на основе сыворотки и методы, основанные на ультразвуке и магнитно-резонансной томографии, будут играть все возрастающую роль в ведении пациентов с МАЖБП. В данной статье представлен обзор научных данных посвященных неинвазивным диагностическим возможностям используемых в клинической практике для выявления стеатоза печени.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is a widespread disease whose incidence is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of terminal stages of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and overall. The new term, fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, has a set of positive diagnostic criteria and has been shown to have great clinical utility. Currently, there are no standardized universal screening methods for liver steatosis, despite the fact that this disease has a significant impact on health. Metabolic-associated fatty disease encompasses a wide range of conditions, from simple steatosis and steatohepatitis to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also accompanied by numerous extrahepatic manifestations such as cardiovascular disease, malignancies outside the liver, and cognitive and respiratory changes. Given the extensive target organs affected and the high prevalence of the disease, it is critical to timely identify individuals at high risk of metabolic dysfunction. Liver biopsy has so far been considered the reference method for assessing the stage of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Given the limitations of biopsy for large-scale screening, non-invasive tests to assess the stage of steatosis and fibrosis, including serum-based algorithms and methods based on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, will play an increasing role in the management of patients with MAFLD. This article presents a review of the scientific evidence on non-invasive diagnostic options used in clinical practice to detect hepatic steatosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.