<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-230-10-90-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-3004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Общность патогенетических механизмов неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и синдрома поликистозных яичников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Common pathogenetic mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иловайская</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilovayskaya</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">doc@irenailov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Region Research and Clinical Institute n. a. M.F. Vladimirskiy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иловайская И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иловайская И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilovayskaya I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3004">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/3004</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространенность СПЯ и НАБЖП имеет четкую ассоциацию друг с другом, и наличие одного заболевания повышает риски формирования другого, что необходимо учитывать при комплексной оценке состояния пациентки. Оба заболевания повышают риски развития социально значимых заболеваний, ассоциированных с уменьшением продолжительности жизни - таких как сахарный диабет 2 типа и кардиоваскулярные заболевания. Целью данного обзора было суммирование актуальных данных по распространенности и патофизиологии НАЖБП при СПКЯ. Были проанализированы статьи по СПЯ и НАЖБП с помощью поиска РИНЦ, MEDLINE и Pub Med за последние 10 лет, использовались ключевые слова: «СПЯ», «НАЖБП», «инсулинорезистентность», «гиперандрогенемия». В обзор были включены наиболее интересные работы с точки зрения автора, широко и разносторонне охватывающие проблему. Проведенный анализ литературы показал, что в патогенезе как СПЯ, так и НАБЖП участвуют такие факторы как гиперандрогенемия, инсулинорезистентность с компенсаторной гиперинсулинемией (с вовлечением в процесс метаболической дисрегуляции всех «классических» органов-мишеней инсулина, в том числе скелетной мускулатуры), митохондриальная дисфункция и кишечный дисбиоз. Для патофизиологического процесса формирования СПЯ и НАБЖП характерно формирование «порочных» кругов, когда нарушение одного звена патогенеза активизирует другие звенья, усугубляя и поддерживая первичные отклонения. Это свидетельствует о том, что необходим поиск комплексных нетривиальных подходов к диагностике и терапии этих заболеваний, с применением препаратов различных групп, включая инсулинсензетайзеры, метабиотики, антиоксиданты и гепатопротекторы. Роль каждого из препаратов должна быть оценена в клинических исследованиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a clear association with each other, and the presence of one disease increases the risks of developing the other, which must be taken into account when comprehensively assessing the patient’s condition. Both diseases increase the risk of developing socially significant diseases associated with decreased life expectancy, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review was to summarize current data on the prevalence and pathophysiology of NAFLD in PCOS. Publications on PCOS and NAFLD were analyzed using a search of the Russian Science Citation Index, MEDLINE and Pub Med over the past 10 years, using the keywords: “PCOS”, “NAFLD”, “insulin resistance”, “hyperandrogenemia”. The author of the review included the most interesting works, covering the problem broadly and comprehensively. The analysis of the literature showed that the pathogenesis of both PCOS and NAFLD involves factors such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia (involving in the process of metabolic dysregulation of all “classical” insulin target organs, including skeletal muscles), mitochondrial dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. The pathophysiological process of the formation of PCOS and NAFLD is characterized by the formation of “vicious” circles, when a violation of one link in the pathogenesis activates other links, aggravating and maintaining primary deviations. This indicates that it is necessary to search for complex, non-trivial approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, using drugs from various groups, including insulin sensors, metabiotics, antioxidants and hepatoprotectors. The role of each drug have to be assessed in clinical trials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>НАЖБП</kwd><kwd>СПЯ</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>гиперандрогенемия</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NAFLD</kwd><kwd>PCOS</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>hyperandrogenemia</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazebnik L.B., Golovanova E.V., Turkina S.V. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazebnik L.B., Golovanova E.V., Turkina S.V. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi Z.M., Koenig A.B., Abdelatif D. et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. doi: 10.1002/hep.28431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi Z.M., Koenig A.B., Abdelatif D. et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. doi: 10.1002/hep.28431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quek J., Chan K.E., Wong Z.Y. et al. Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(1):20-30. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00317-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quek J., Chan K.E., Wong Z.Y. et al. Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(1):20-30. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00317-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watt M.J., Miotto P.M., De Nardo W., Montgomery M.K. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ - Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(5):1367-1393. doi: 10.1210/er.2019-00034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watt M.J., Miotto P.M., De Nardo W., Montgomery M.K. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ - Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(5):1367-1393. doi: 10.1210/er.2019-00034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarvis H., Craig D., Barker R. et al. Metabolic risk factors and incident advanced liver disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies. PLoS Med. 2020;17(4): e1003100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jarvis H., Craig D., Barker R. et al. Metabolic risk factors and incident advanced liver disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies. PLoS Med. 2020;17(4): e1003100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi Z., Anstee Q.M., Marietti M. et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(1):11-20. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi Z., Anstee Q.M., Marietti M. et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(1):11-20. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao H., Zhang J., Cheng X., Nie X., He B. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao H., Zhang J., Cheng X., Nie X., He B. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teede H.J., Tay C.T., Laven J.J.E. et al. Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(10):2447-2469. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teede H.J., Tay C.T., Laven J.J.E. et al. Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(10):2447-2469. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamyan L.V., Andreeva E.N., Absatarova Yu.S. et al. Clinical guidelines «Polycystic Ovary Syndrome». Problems of Endocrinology. 2022;68(2):112-127. doi: 10.14341/probl12874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamyan L.V., Andreeva E.N., Absatarova Yu.S. et al. Clinical guidelines «Polycystic Ovary Syndrome». Problems of Endocrinology. 2022;68(2):112-127. doi: 10.14341/probl12874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petta S., Ciresi A., Bianco J. et al. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism drive steatosis and fibrosis risk in young females with PCOS. PLoS One. 2017;12(11): e0186136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petta S., Ciresi A., Bianco J. et al. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism drive steatosis and fibrosis risk in young females with PCOS. PLoS One. 2017;12(11): e0186136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozdag G., Mumusoglu S., Zengin D., Karabulut E., Yildiz B.O. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(12):2841-2855. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozdag G., Mumusoglu S., Zengin D., Karabulut E., Yildiz B.O. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(12):2841-2855. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belenkaia L.V., Lazareva L.M., Walker W., Lizneva D.V, Suturina L.V. Criteria, phenotypes and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome. Minerva Ginecol. 2019;71(3):211-223. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4784.19.04404-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belenkaia L.V., Lazareva L.M., Walker W., Lizneva D.V, Suturina L.V. Criteria, phenotypes and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome. Minerva Ginecol. 2019;71(3):211-223. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4784.19.04404-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsayed A.M., Al-Kaabi L.S., Al-Abdulla N.M. et al. Clinical Phenotypes of PCOS: a Cross-Sectional Study. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(11):3261-3272. doi: 10.1007/s43032-023-01262-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsayed A.M., Al-Kaabi L.S., Al-Abdulla N.M. et al. Clinical Phenotypes of PCOS: a Cross-Sectional Study. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(11):3261-3272. doi: 10.1007/s43032-023-01262-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glueck C.J., Goldenberg N. Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, treatment, and genetics. Metabolism. 2019;92:108-120. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glueck C.J., Goldenberg N. Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, treatment, and genetics. Metabolism. 2019;92:108-120. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrea L., Muscogiuri G., Pugliese G. et al. Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) vs. Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) Phenotypes in PCOS: Association with Endocrine-Metabolic Profile, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Body Composition. Nutrients. 2021;13(11). doi: 10.3390/nu13113925.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrea L., Muscogiuri G., Pugliese G. et al. Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) vs. Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) Phenotypes in PCOS: Association with Endocrine-Metabolic Profile, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Body Composition. Nutrients. 2021;13(11). doi: 10.3390/nu13113925.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi Z.M., Golabi P., de Avila L. et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):793-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi Z.M., Golabi P., de Avila L. et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):793-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Targher G., Byrne C.D., Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut. 2020;69(9):1691-1705. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Targher G., Byrne C.D., Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut. 2020;69(9):1691-1705. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shavkuta G.V., Turkina S.V. NAFLD is a predictor of high risk of development and a co-factor in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2024;5(2):29-37. (in Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2024-5-2-29-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shavkuta G.V., Turkina S.V. NAFLD is a predictor of high risk of development and a co-factor in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2024;5(2):29-37. (in Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2024-5-2-29-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazebnik L.B., Turkina S.V. NAFLD Associated Comorbidity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;(10):5-13. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-194-10-5-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazebnik L.B., Turkina S.V. NAFLD Associated Comorbidity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;(10):5-13. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-194-10-5-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez Y.R., Pico M., Ashokprabhu N. et al. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(12):1003-1011. doi: 10.1007/s11883-023-01168-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez Y.R., Pico M., Ashokprabhu N. et al. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(12):1003-1011. doi: 10.1007/s11883-023-01168-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rocha A.L.L., Faria L.C., Guimarães T.C.M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(12):1279-1288. doi: 10.1007/s40618-017-0708-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rocha A.L.L., Faria L.C., Guimarães T.C.M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(12):1279-1288. doi: 10.1007/s40618-017-0708-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singeap A.M., Stanciu C., Huiban L. et al. Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrinopathies: Clinical Implications. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;2021:1-8. doi: 10.1155/ 2021/6678142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singeap A.M., Stanciu C., Huiban L. et al. Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrinopathies: Clinical Implications. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;2021:1-8. doi: 10.1155/ 2021/6678142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spremović Rađenović S,. Pupovac M., Andjić M. et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Biomedicines. 2022;10(1). doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spremović Rađenović S,. Pupovac M., Andjić M. et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Biomedicines. 2022;10(1). doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shengir M., Chen T., Guadagno E. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JGH Open. 2021;5(4):434-445. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shengir M., Chen T., Guadagno E. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JGH Open. 2021;5(4):434-445. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VanWagner L.B., Rinella M.E. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2016;15(2):75-85. doi: 10.1007/s11901-016-0295-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VanWagner L.B., Rinella M.E. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2016;15(2):75-85. doi: 10.1007/s11901-016-0295-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Livzan M.A., Syrovenko M.I., Krolevets T.S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and women’s health.Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(5):310-317. (in Russ.) doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-5-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livzan M.A., Syrovenko M.I., Krolevets T.S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and women’s health.Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(5):310-317. (in Russ.) doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-5-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vassilatou E., Vassiliadi D.A., Salambasis K. et al. Increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(6):739-747. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vassilatou E., Vassiliadi D.A., Salambasis K. et al. Increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(6):739-747. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar M., Terrault N., Chan W. et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with NASH severity and advanced fibrosis. Liver International. 2020;40(2):355-359. doi: 10.1111/liv.14279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar M., Terrault N., Chan W. et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with NASH severity and advanced fibrosis. Liver International. 2020;40(2):355-359. doi: 10.1111/liv.14279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu J., Yao X.Y., Shi R.X., Liu S.F., Wang X.Y. A potential link between polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0519-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu J., Yao X.Y., Shi R.X., Liu S.F., Wang X.Y. A potential link between polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0519-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asfari M.M., Sarmini M.T., Baidoun F. et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2020;7(1): e000352. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asfari M.M., Sarmini M.T., Baidoun F. et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2020;7(1): e000352. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao K., Zheng H., Peng H. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Endokrynol Pol. 2023;74(5):520-527. doi: 10.5603/ep.93291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao K., Zheng H., Peng H. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Endokrynol Pol. 2023;74(5):520-527. doi: 10.5603/ep.93291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu S., Zhang B., Jiang X. et al. Metabolic disturbances in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(1):168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.09.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu S., Zhang B., Jiang X. et al. Metabolic disturbances in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(1):168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.09.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M., Chi X., Wang Y. et al. Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):216. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M., Chi X., Wang Y. et al. Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):216. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassar S., Misso M.L., Hopkins W.G. et al. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies. Human Reproduction. 2016;31(11):2619-2631. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassar S., Misso M.L., Hopkins W.G. et al. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies. Human Reproduction. 2016;31(11):2619-2631. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tosi F., Bonora E., Moghetti P. Insulin resistance in a large cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison between euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and surrogate indexes. Human Reproduction. 2017;32(12):2515-2521. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dex308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tosi F., Bonora E., Moghetti P. Insulin resistance in a large cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison between euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and surrogate indexes. Human Reproduction. 2017;32(12):2515-2521. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dex308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watt M.J., Miotto P.M., De Nardo W., Montgomery M.K. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ-Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(5):1367-1393. doi: 10.1210/er.2019-00034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watt M.J., Miotto P.M., De Nardo W., Montgomery M.K. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ-Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(5):1367-1393. doi: 10.1210/er.2019-00034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grander C., Grabherr F., Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119(9):1787-1798. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvad095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grander C., Grabherr F., Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119(9):1787-1798. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvad095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">da Silva Rosa S.C., Nayak N., Caymo A.M., Gordon J.W. Mechanisms of muscle insulin resistance and the cross-talk with liver and adipose tissue. Physiol Rep. 2020;8(19): e14607. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">da Silva Rosa S.C., Nayak N., Caymo A.M., Gordon J.W. Mechanisms of muscle insulin resistance and the cross-talk with liver and adipose tissue. Physiol Rep. 2020;8(19): e14607. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao H., Zhang J., Cheng X., Nie X., He B. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao H., Zhang J., Cheng X., Nie X., He B. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shorakae S., Ranasinha S., Abell S. et al. Inter-related effects of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(5):628-633. doi: 10.1111/cen.13808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shorakae S., Ranasinha S., Abell S. et al. Inter-related effects of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(5):628-633. doi: 10.1111/cen.13808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Condorelli R.A., Calogero A.E., Di Mauro M. et al. Androgen excess and metabolic disorders in women with PCOS: beyond the body mass index. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41(4):383-388. doi: 10.1007/s40618-017-0762-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Condorelli R.A., Calogero A.E., Di Mauro M. et al. Androgen excess and metabolic disorders in women with PCOS: beyond the body mass index. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41(4):383-388. doi: 10.1007/s40618-017-0762-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang D., He B. Current Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:1281-1291. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S362424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang D., He B. Current Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:1281-1291. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S362424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harada M. Pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: Current understanding and perspectives regarding future research. Reprod Med Biol. 2022;21(1): e12487. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harada M. Pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: Current understanding and perspectives regarding future research. Reprod Med Biol. 2022;21(1): e12487. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCartney C.R., Campbell R.E. Abnormal GnRH pulsatility in polycystic ovary syndrome: Recent insights. Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res. 2020;12:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.04.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCartney C.R., Campbell R.E. Abnormal GnRH pulsatility in polycystic ovary syndrome: Recent insights. Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res. 2020;12:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.04.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu S., Li Z., Hu C. et al. Imaging-Based Body Fat Distribution in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:697223. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu S., Li Z., Hu C. et al. Imaging-Based Body Fat Distribution in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:697223. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cree-Green M., Rahat H., Newcomer B.R. et al. Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Mitochondria Dysfunction in Nonobese Girls With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Endocr Soc. 2017;1(7):931-944. doi: 10.1210/js.2017-00192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cree-Green M., Rahat H., Newcomer B.R. et al. Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Mitochondria Dysfunction in Nonobese Girls With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Endocr Soc. 2017;1(7):931-944. doi: 10.1210/js.2017-00192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.J., Kim D., Yim J.Y. et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism as a risk factor for non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(11):1403-1412. doi: 10.1111/apt.14058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.J., Kim D., Yim J.Y. et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism as a risk factor for non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(11):1403-1412. doi: 10.1111/apt.14058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai J., Wu C.H., Zhang Y. et al. High-free androgen index is associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, independent of obesity and insulin resistance.Int J Obes. 2017;41(9):1341-1347. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai J., Wu C.H., Zhang Y. et al. High-free androgen index is associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, independent of obesity and insulin resistance.Int J Obes. 2017;41(9):1341-1347. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luci C., Bourinet M., Leclère P.S., Anty R., Gual P. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luci C., Bourinet M., Leclère P.S., Anty R., Gual P. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Zhao X. The mediating role of insulin resistance in the association between inflammatory score and MAFLD: NHANES 2017-2018. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(10): e70035. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Zhao X. The mediating role of insulin resistance in the association between inflammatory score and MAFLD: NHANES 2017-2018. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(10): e70035. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bansal S.K., Bansal M.B. Pathogenesis of MASLD and MASH - role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;59 Suppl 1: S10-S22. doi: 10.1111/apt.17930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bansal S.K., Bansal M.B. Pathogenesis of MASLD and MASH - role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;59 Suppl 1: S10-S22. doi: 10.1111/apt.17930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mladenović D., Vesković M., Šutulović N. et al. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine. 2024;85(1):18-34. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mladenović D., Vesković M., Šutulović N. et al. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine. 2024;85(1):18-34. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romantsova T.I. Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions. Obe Metab. 2021;18(3):282-301. doi: 10.14341/omet12748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romantsova T.I. Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions. Obe Metab. 2021;18(3):282-301. doi: 10.14341/omet12748.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdulkadirova F.R., Ametov A.S., Doskina E.V., Pokrovskaya R.A. The role of the lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obe Metab. 2014;11(2):8-12. doi: 10.14341/omet201428-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdulkadirova F.R., Ametov A.S., Doskina E.V., Pokrovskaya R.A. The role of the lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obe Metab. 2014;11(2):8-12. doi: 10.14341/omet201428-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng X., Huang Q., Long S., Zhong Q., Mo Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. DNA Cell Biol. 2020;39(8):1401-1409. doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.5172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng X., Huang Q., Long S., Zhong Q., Mo Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. DNA Cell Biol. 2020;39(8):1401-1409. doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.5172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansouri A., Gattolliat C.H., Asselah T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):629-647. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansouri A., Gattolliat C.H., Asselah T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):629-647. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng K.Y., Watt M.J., Rensen S. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction-related lipid changes occur in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression. J Lipid Res. 2018;59(10):1977-1986. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M085613.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng K.Y., Watt M.J., Rensen S. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction-related lipid changes occur in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression. J Lipid Res. 2018;59(10):1977-1986. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M085613.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez-Franquesa A., Patti M.E. Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. In:; 2017:465-520. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez-Franquesa A., Patti M.E. Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. In:; 2017:465-520. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabravolski S.A., Nikiforov N.G., Eid A.H. et al. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3923. (in Russ.) doi: 10.3390/ijms22083923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabravolski S.A., Nikiforov N.G., Eid A.H. et al. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3923. (in Russ.) doi: 10.3390/ijms22083923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myint M., Oppedisano F., De Giorgi V. et al. Inflammatory signaling in NASH driven by hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):757. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04627-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myint M., Oppedisano F., De Giorgi V. et al. Inflammatory signaling in NASH driven by hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):757. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04627-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chadchan S.B., Singh V., Kommagani R. Female reproductive dysfunctions and the gut microbiota. J Mol Endocrinol. 2022;69(3): R81-R94. doi: 10.1530/JME-21-0238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chadchan S.B., Singh V., Kommagani R. Female reproductive dysfunctions and the gut microbiota. J Mol Endocrinol. 2022;69(3): R81-R94. doi: 10.1530/JME-21-0238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y., Gao S., Ye C, Zhao W. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1142041. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y., Gao S., Ye C, Zhao W. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1142041. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolodziejczyk A.A., Zheng D., Shibolet O., Elinav E. The role of the microbiome in “NAFLD” and “NASH” EMBO Mol Med. 2019;11(2). doi: 10.15252/emmm.201809302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolodziejczyk A.A., Zheng D., Shibolet O., Elinav E. The role of the microbiome in “NAFLD” and “NASH” EMBO Mol Med. 2019;11(2). doi: 10.15252/emmm.201809302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukherjee A.G., Wanjari U.R., Kannampuzha S. et al. The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review. Metabolites. 2023;13(1). doi: 10.3390/metabo13010129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukherjee A.G., Wanjari U.R., Kannampuzha S. et al. The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review. Metabolites. 2023;13(1). doi: 10.3390/metabo13010129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Garrido M.A., Tena-Sempere M. Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies. Mol Metab. 2020;35:100937. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Garrido M.A., Tena-Sempere M. Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies. Mol Metab. 2020;35:100937. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Min Q., Geng H., Gao Q., Xu M. The association between gut microbiome and PCOS: evidence from meta-analysis and two-sample mendelian randomization. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1203902. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Min Q., Geng H., Gao Q., Xu M. The association between gut microbiome and PCOS: evidence from meta-analysis and two-sample mendelian randomization. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1203902. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safari Z., Gérard P. The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(8):1541-1558. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03011-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safari Z., Gérard P. The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(8):1541-1558. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03011-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J., Vitetta L. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15). doi: 10.3390/ijms21155214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J., Vitetta L. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15). doi: 10.3390/ijms21155214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessoku T., Kobayashi T., Tanaka K. et al. The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):8161. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessoku T., Kobayashi T., Tanaka K. et al. The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):8161. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
