nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-231-11-157-163nogr-2977Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРазнонаправленное влияние гельминтов на аллергические заболевания и иммунитетMultidirectional influence of helminths on allergic diseases and immunityНадейЕ. В.NadeyE. V.elenanadei@gmail.comЛепехинаЕ. С.LepehinaE. S.noemail@neicon.ruЛялюковаЕ. А.LyalyukovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruУсачеваЕ. В.UsachevaE. V.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202417112024011157163Copyright © Надей Е.В., Лепехина Е.С., Лялюкова Е.А., Усачева Е.В., 20242024Надей Е.В., Лепехина Е.С., Лялюкова Е.А., Усачева Е.В.Nadey E.V., Lepehina E.S., Lyalyukova E.A., Usacheva E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2977

Распространенность аллергических заболеваний увеличивается с каждым годом. В основе развития аллергических заболеваний лежит взаимодействие генетической предрасположенности к Th2-иммунному ответу и различных эпигенетических факторов. Популярным объяснением роста распространенности аллергии является гигиеническая гипотеза, которая объясняет эпидемию аллергии неспособностью развить соответствующую иммунную регуляцию из-за снижения микробного разнообразия. Наблюдение того, что некоторые гельминтные инфекции отрицательно коррелируют с аллергическими и воспалительными заболеваниями, привело к расширению области исследований иммуномодуляции паразитов. Однако, взаимосвязь между аллергическими заболеваниями и гельминтными инфекциями противоречива. Гельминтозы могут оказывать как стимулирующее, так и подавляющее воздействие на аллергические реакции. Кишечные гельминты способны изменять реакцию организма хозяина на другие инфекционные агенты. В частности, усиливают противовирусный иммунный ответ, влияют на баланс комменсальных организмов, изменяя численность микробиома и его качественный состав. Гельминты подавляют воспалительные реакции. Благодаря этим знания стало возможным использование гельминтов в качестве терапевтических средств при различных заболеваниях, таких как воспалительные заболевания кишечника, рассеянный склероз, целиакия. Однако результаты этих исследований неоднозначны, необходимы дальнейшие наблюдения. Расширение научных знаний о механизме иммунологической модификации в результате заражения гельминтами и понимание взаимодействия между гельминтными инфекциями и аллергическими заболеваниями полезно для разработки потенциально новых методов лечения с использованием гельминтов. Благодаря которым станет возможно воспроизвести и адаптировать полезные эффекты, опосредованные гельминтами, при отсутствии вредных эффектов, возникающих при паразитарной инфекции.

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing every year. The development of allergic diseases is based on the interaction of a genetic predisposition to the Th2 immune response and various epigenetic factors. A popular explanation for the increase in allergy prevalence is the hygiene hypothesis, which explains the allergy epidemic by the inability to develop appropriate immune regulation due to a decrease in microbial diversity. The observation that some helminth infections negatively correlate with allergic and inflammatory diseases has led to an expansion of the field of research on parasite immunomodulation. However, the relationship between allergic diseases and helminthic infections is contradictory. Helminthiasis can have both stimulating and suppressive effects on allergic reactions. Intestinal helminths are capable of altering the host’s response to other infectious agents. In particular, they enhance the antiviral immune response, affect the balance of commensal organisms, changing the size of the microbiome and its qualitative composition. Helminths suppress inflammatory reactions. Thanks to this knowledge, it has become possible to use helminths as therapeutic agents for various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease. However, the results of these studies are ambiguous, and further observations are needed. Increasing scientific knowledge about the mechanism of immunological modification as a result of helminth infection and understanding the interaction between helminth infections and allergic diseases is useful for the development of potentially new treatments using helminths. Thanks to which it will be possible to reproduce and adapt the beneficial effects mediated by helminths, in the absence of harmful effects arising from a parasitic infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.