nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-229-9-26-35nogr-2883Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯCLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGYКоморбидный пациент с ожирением: сравнительная оценка влияния периодического или непрерывного ограничения калорий на массу тела и маркеры кардиометаболического рискаComorbid patient with obesity:comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent or continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markersНагоеваЗ. М.NagoevaZ. M.zalina_090687@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-7765ДрукИ. В.DrukI. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-316XМартиросянК. А.MartirosianK. A.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Майкопский государственный медицинский университет”РоссияMaikop State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202406032025092635Copyright © Нагоева З.М., Друк И.В., Мартиросян К.А., 20252025Нагоева З.М., Друк И.В., Мартиросян К.А.Nagoeva Z.M., Druk I.V., Martirosian K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2883

Цель обзора представить результаты сравнительной оценки влияния периодического ограничительного рациона (ICR) с постоянным ограничительным рационом питания (СCR) на потерю массы тела, жировой массы, влияние на маркеры кардиометаболического риска, уровень глюкозы и инсулина у взрослых с ожирением. Материалы и методы: цитируемые в обзоре работы были отобраны с использованием ключевых слов «ожирение», «коморбидность», «потеря массы тела», «периодическое ограничение калорий», «постоянное ограничение калорий» в поисковых системах е-library, PubMed, Scopus. Публикации должны были удовлетворять следующим критериям: рандомизированные клинические исследования, опубликованные в последнее десятилетие (2014-2024 гг.), доступ к полному тексту публикации, первичная конечная точка - снижение веса, периодическое или постоянное ограничение калорий в качестве основного направления вмешательства, взрослое население, субъекты с ожирением и коморбидной патологией. Результаты: ожирение приобрело масштабы пандемии во всем мире. В ряде стран показатели его распространенности составляют от 20 до 40% и продолжают расти. По оценкам, к 2030 году почти 50% населения земного шара будет страдать от избыточной массы тела или ожирения. Ожирение увеличивает риск ряда хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (СД2, ССЗ, ХБП, ЖБП, некоторые виды рака). Снижение массы тела является основным направлением вмешательства для людей с избыточным весом и ожирением. Консервативная немедикаментозная терапия в виде коррекции питания - основа лечения ожирения и рекомендуется как первый, обязательный и постоянный компонент лечения. Ежедневное питание с ограничением калорийности и периодическое питание - это две формы диетотерапии, которые могут помочь снизить массу тела. Заключение: ICR и CCR являются альтернативными режимами ограничения энергии для снижения массы тела с сопоставимым улучшением маркеров кардиометаболического риска, связанных с ожирением. Обе схемы хорошо переносились в большинстве исследований и могут быть эквивалентными подходами к снижению веса. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования эффективности, целесообразности и безопасности ICR для пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями, такими как сахарный диабет 2 типа, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания или рак.

The purpose of this study is to present the results of a comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent restricted diet (ICR) with a constant restricted diet (CCR) on weight loss, fat mass, the effect on cardiometabolic risk markers, glucose and insulin levels in obese adults. Materials and methods: The works cited in the study were selected using the keywords “obesity”, “comorbidity”, “weight loss”, “intermittent calorie restriction”, “constant calorie restriction”, in the search engines PubMed, Scopus. Publications had to meet the following criteria: randomized clinical trials, published in the last decade (2014-2024), access to the full text of the publication, the primary endpoint of weight loss, intermittent or continuous calorie restriction as the main intervention, adult population, subjects with obesity and comorbid pathology. Results: Obesity has acquired pandemic proportions worldwide. In some countries, prevalence rates range from 20 to 40%. Prevalence and incidence rates continue to increase. It is estimated that by 2030, almost 50% of the world’s population will be overweight or obese. Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic noncommunicable diseases (T2DM, CVD, CKD, CLD, some types of cancer). Weight loss is the main intervention for people with overweight and obesity. Conservative non-drug therapy in the form of nutritional modification is the mainstay of obesity treatment and is recommended as the first, mandatory and permanent component of treatment. Daily caloric restriction and intermittent feeding are two forms of dietary therapy that can help to reduce body weight. Conclusion: Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we concluded that ICR and CCR are alternative energy restriction regimens for weight loss with comparable improvements in obesity-related cardiometabolic risk markers. Both regimens were well tolerated in most studies and may be equivalent approaches to weight loss. Further studies are needed to examine the efficacy, feasibility and safety of ICR in patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.