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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-228-8-242-250</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гастроинтестинальная автономная нейропатия у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: особенности диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: features of diagnosis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-6411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-4919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаронова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тренева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treneva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмаев</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmaev</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-1057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косарева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosareva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6243-6528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мерзлова</surname><given-names>П. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzlova</surname><given-names>P. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>242</fpage><lpage>250</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгих Ю.А., Булгакова С.В., Шаронова Л.А., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П., Косарева О.В., Мерзлова П.Я., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгих Ю.А., Булгакова С.В., Шаронова Л.А., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П., Косарева О.В., Мерзлова П.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgikh Y.A., Bulgakova S.V., Sharonova L.A., Treneva E.V., Kurmaev D.P., Kosareva O.V., Merzlova P.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2868">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2868</self-uri><abstract><p>Сахарный диабет (СД) 2 типа является одним из компонентов метаболического синдрома. Одним из самых распространенных осложнений СД 2 типа считается диабетическая нейропатия, в результате которой происходит поражение периферических и/или вегетативных нервных волокон. Нарушения, обусловленные поражением вегетативной нервной системы - диабетическая автономная нейропатия (ДАН) - могут встречаться у 60% пациентов. Одной из форм ДАН является гастроинтестинальная автономная нейропатия (ГАН). Точных сведений о ее распространенности нет в связи со сложностью диагностики, но по некоторым данным симптомы встречаются у половины пациентов с СД. Основными проявлениями ГАН являются нарушения моторики пищевода (изжога, рефлюкс), гастропарез (тошнота, рвота, чувство переполнения желудка), нарушение моторики кишечника (диарея, запоры), аноректальная дисфункция (недержание кала). Нарушение моторики желудочно-кишечного тракта, например, гастропарез, приводит к изменениям фармакокинетики таблетированных сахароснижающих препаратов, что снижает их эффективность. У пациентов, получающих инсулинотерапию, нарушение продвижения пищи по ЖКТ может приводить к гипогликемии. В связи с этим выявление и лечение проявлений ГАН является важным аспектом ведения пациента с СД 2 типа. Диагностика ГАН должная быть направлена на исключение других причин желудочно-кишечных нарушений и включает в себя, в зависимости от клинических проявлений, проведение фиброгастродуоденоскопии, рентгенографии с барием, колоноскопии и т. д. «Золотым стандартом» диагностики гастропареза считается проведение оценки скорости опорожнения желудка при помощи сцинтиграфии перевариваемых твердых веществ, однако в связи с дороговизной и сложностями проведения, данный метод в рутинной практике не применяется. Основными терапевтическими мероприятиями при ведении пациентов с СД и ГАН являются компенсация гликемии, соблюдение рекомендаций по питанию, лечение нейропатии и симптоматическая терапия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of the components of metabolic syndrome. One of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes is diabetic neuropathy, which results in damage to peripheral and/or autonomic nerve fibers. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system - diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN)-can occur in up to 60% of patients. One form of GAN is gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy (GAN). There is no exact information about its prevalence due to the complexity of diagnosis, but according to some data, symptoms occur in half of patients with diabetes. The main manifestations of GAN are esophageal motility disorders (heartburn, reflux), gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, feeling of fullness), intestinal motility disorders (diarrhea, constipation), anorectal dysfunction (fecal incontinence). Impaired gastrointestinal motility, in particular gastroparesis, leads to changes in the pharmacokinetics of oral glucose-lowering drugs, which reduces their effectiveness. And in patients receiving insulin therapy, impaired movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract can lead to hypoglycemia. In this regard, identifying and treating manifestations of GAN is an important aspect of managing a patient with type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis of GAN should be aimed at excluding other causes of gastrointestinal disorders and includes, depending on the clinical manifestations, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, barium radiography, colonoscopy, etc. The “gold standard” for diagnosing gastroparesis is considered to be measuring gastric emptying using scintigraphy of digested solids, but due to the high cost and complexity of the procedure, this method is not used in routine practice. The main therapeutic measures in the management of patients with diabetes and GAN are glycemic compensation, compliance with nutritional recommendations, treatment of neuropathy and symptomatic therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетический гастропарез</kwd><kwd>диабетическая энтеропатия</kwd><kwd>диарея</kwd><kwd>аноректальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>тиоктовая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic gastroparesis</kwd><kwd>diabetic enteropathy</kwd><kwd>diarrhea</kwd><kwd>anorectal dysfunction</kwd><kwd>thioctic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dedov I. I., Shestakova M. V., Vikulova O. K. et al. Diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation: dynamics of epidemiological indicators according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus for the period 2010-2022. Diabetes mellitus. 2023;26(2):104-123. 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