References

nogr

Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology

1682-8658

«Global Media Technologies»

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-228-8-181-195

nogr-2864

Research Article

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ

CLINICAL CASES

Когнитивные нарушения, деменция и саркопения у гериатрических пациентов - есть ли взаимосвязь?

Cognitive impairment, dementia and sarcopenia in geriatric patients - is there a relationship?

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-6566

Широлапов

И. В.

Shirolapov

I. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233

Курмаев

Д. П.

Kurmaev

D. P.

noemail@neicon.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786

Булгакова

С. В.

Bulgakova

S. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252

Тренева

Е. В.

Treneva

E. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSamara State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation

2024

03022025

08181195

2025

Широлапов И.В., Курмаев Д.П., Булгакова С.В., Тренева Е.В.

Shirolapov I.V., Kurmaev D.P., Bulgakova S.V., Treneva E.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2864

В настоящее время продолжается демографическое старение населения, растет частота различной возраст-ассоциированной патологии. Саркопения и когнитивные нарушения часто встречаются у пациентов старших возрастных групп, приводят к развитию старческой астении (хрупкости), снижению качества жизни, инвалидизации и преждевременной смерти. Существует связь между саркопенией, хрупкостью и когнитивными нарушениями. Когнитивная и физическая хрупкость взаимосвязаны: когнитивные проблемы и деменция чаще встречаются у людей со старческой астенией, а люди с когнитивными нарушениями более склонны становиться астеничными. Как хрупкость, так и снижение когнитивных способностей имеют общие механизмы патогенеза. Известна роль медиаторов мышечного происхождения (миокинов) в возникновении перекрестных взаимосвязей между мышцами и мозгом. Важную роль для поддержания не только скелетной мускулатуры, но и когнитивных функций играет достаточная физическая активность. Напротив, гиподинамия - это один из важнейших факторов риска саркопении, старческой астении и деменции. Однако взаимосвязь между саркопенией и снижением когнитивных способностей, а также лежащие в ее основе механизмы еще предстоит рассмотреть. Этому посвящен данный обзор литературы.

Currently, demographic aging of the population continues, and the frequency of various age-associated pathologies is increasing. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are often found in patients of older age groups, leading to the development of frailty, decreased quality of life, disability and premature death. There is an association between sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment. Cognitive and physical frailty are interrelated: cognitive problems and dementia are more common in people with frailty, and people with cognitive impairment are more likely to become frail. Both frailty and cognitive decline share common pathogenesis mechanisms. The role of mediators of muscle origin (myokines) in the occurrence of cross-talk between muscles and brain is known. Sufficient physical activity plays an important role in maintaining not only skeletal muscles, but also cognitive functions. On the contrary, physical inactivity is one of the most important risk factors for sarcopenia, frailty and dementia. However, the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive decline and the underlying mechanisms remain to be addressed. This is the focus of this literature review.

когнитивные нарушениядеменцияболезнь Альцгеймерасаркопениястарческая астениясинтез мышечного белкагиподинамияневрологические осложнениястарение

cognitive impairmentdementiaAlzheimer’s diseasesarcopeniafrailtymuscle protein synthesisphysical inactivityneurological complicationsageing

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.