<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-228-8-123-130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2859</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и хроническая болезнь почек: случайная связь или две манифестации метаболического синдрома?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: random connections or two manifestations of metabolic syndrome?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпунина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlynova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">karpuninapsma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-0112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлынова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpunina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е. А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпунина Н.С., Хлынова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпунина Н.С., Хлынова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khlynova O.V., Karpunina N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2859">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2859</self-uri><abstract><p>Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) и Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП), каждая из которых затрагивает около 30% и 10-15% взрослого населения соответственно, представляют две глобальные проблемы для любой системы здравоохранения. Становится очевидным, что НАЖБП - это «мультисистемное заболевание», ассоциированное не только с нарушением функции печени и развитием гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы, но и с возрастающим риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (основная причина смерти таких пациентов), хронической болезни почек (ХБП). Однако механизмы, лежащие в основе этой ассоциации, остаются в значительной степени малоизученными. В представленном обзоре обобщаются последние данные, касающиеся номенклатуры, клинико-патогенетических взаимоотношений НАЖБП и ХБП, а также потенциальные возможности фармакотерапии, одновременно благоприятно влияющей на исходы обоих заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two global public health problems that affect almost 30% and up to ~10-15%, respectively, of the general adult population in many parts of the world. It is quite obvious that NAFLD is a “multisystem disease” associated not only with impaired liver function and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but also with an increasing risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (the main cause of death in such patients), chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unknown. The aim of this review is to report on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the relationship between NAFLD and CKD and to describe the different methods of kidney function assessment in patients with NAFLD as well as to discuss the potential for promising pharmacotherapy with simultaneous benefit for the outcomes of both diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>перспективные лекарства</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>promising drugs</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilson J., Mantovani A., Byrne C. D. et al. Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab. 2024; Jan;50(1): 101506. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilson J., Mantovani A., Byrne C. D. et al. Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab. 2024; Jan;50(1): 101506. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byrne C. D., Targher G. NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease. Journal of Hepatology. 2020; vol.72j:785-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byrne C. D., Targher G. NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease. Journal of Hepatology. 2020; vol.72j:785-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chulkov V. S., Pankova E. D., Krasnopeeva N. D. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, cardiovascular system and kidney status in young people. South-Russian journal of therapeutic practice. 2023;4(3):15-21. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2023-4-3-15-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chulkov V. S., Pankova E. D., Krasnopeeva N. D. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, cardiovascular system and kidney status in young people. South-Russian journal of therapeutic practice. 2023;4(3):15-21. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21886/2712-8156-2023-4-3-15-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantovani A., Lombardi R., Cattazzo F. et al. MAFLD and CKD: An Updated Narrative Review. A.Int J Mol Sci. 2022; Jun 23;23(13):7007. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantovani A., Lombardi R., Cattazzo F. et al. MAFLD and CKD: An Updated Narrative Review. A.Int J Mol Sci. 2022; Jun 23;23(13):7007. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Umbro I., Baratta F., Angelico F. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Kidney: A Review. Biomedicines. 2021; 9, 1370. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9101370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umbro I., Baratta F., Angelico F. et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Kidney: A Review. Biomedicines. 2021; 9, 1370. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9101370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi S., Tanaka M., Furuhashi M. Fatty liver index is independently associated with deterioration of renal function during a 10-year period in healthy subjects. Sci Rep. 2021; 11, 8606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88025-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi S., Tanaka M., Furuhashi M. Fatty liver index is independently associated with deterioration of renal function during a 10-year period in healthy subjects. Sci Rep. 2021; 11, 8606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88025-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krasner Ya.A., Osipenko M. F., Holin S. I. et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - novel pathogenetic interactions. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;212(4): 140-144. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-212-4-140-144.@@ Краснер Я. А., Осипенко М. Ф., Холин С. И., Литвинова Н. В. Хроническая болезнь почек и неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени - новые патогенетические взаимосвязи. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;(4):140-144. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-212-4-140-144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasner Ya.A., Osipenko M. F., Holin S. I. et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - novel pathogenetic interactions. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;212(4): 140-144. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-212-4-140-144.@@ Краснер Я. А., Осипенко М. Ф., Холин С. И., Литвинова Н. В. Хроническая болезнь почек и неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени - новые патогенетические взаимосвязи. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;(4):140-144. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-212-4-140-144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clinical guidelines of Health Ministry of Russian Federation “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”, 2022. (In Russ.)@@ Клинические рекомендации Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации «Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых», 2022 год.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines of Health Ministry of Russian Federation “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”, 2022. (In Russ.)@@ Клинические рекомендации Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации «Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых», 2022 год.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashkin V. T., Maevskaya M. V., Zharkova M. S. et al. Clinical guidelines of Russian Society of Liver Investigation, Russian Gastroenterology Association, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association of gerontologists and geriatric specialists and National society of preventive cardiology on diagnostics and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(4):104-140. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-14.@@ Ивашкин В. Т., Маевская М. В., Жаркова М. С. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества по изучению печени, Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Национального общества профилактической кардиологии по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(4):104-140. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V. T., Maevskaya M. V., Zharkova M. S. et al. Clinical guidelines of Russian Society of Liver Investigation, Russian Gastroenterology Association, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association of gerontologists and geriatric specialists and National society of preventive cardiology on diagnostics and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(4):104-140. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-14.@@ Ивашкин В. Т., Маевская М. В., Жаркова М. С. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества по изучению печени, Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Национального общества профилактической кардиологии по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(4):104-140. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maevskaya M.V., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Ivashkin V. T. et al. National Consensus for Doctors about the management of adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its common comorbidities. Therapeutic Archive. 2022;94(2):216-253. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363.@@ Маевская М. В., Котовская Ю. В., Ивашкин В. Т. и др. Национальный Консенсус для врачей по ведению взрослых пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и ее основными коморбидными состояниями. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(2):216-253. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maevskaya M.V., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Ivashkin V. T. et al. National Consensus for Doctors about the management of adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its common comorbidities. Therapeutic Archive. 2022;94(2):216-253. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363.@@ Маевская М. В., Котовская Ю. В., Ивашкин В. Т. и др. Национальный Консенсус для врачей по ведению взрослых пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и ее основными коморбидными состояниями. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(2):216-253. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka M., Mori K., Takahashi S. et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease predicts new onset of chronic kidney disease better than fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023; Feb 28;38(3):700-711. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka M., Mori K., Takahashi S. et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease predicts new onset of chronic kidney disease better than fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023; Feb 28;38(3):700-711. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roderburg C., Krieg S., Krieg A. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). European Journal of Medical Research. 2023;28:153. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01114-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roderburg C., Krieg S., Krieg A. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). European Journal of Medical Research. 2023;28:153. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01114-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai X., Sun L., Liu X. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 2021;12. doi:10.1177/20406223211024361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai X., Sun L., Liu X. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 2021;12. doi:10.1177/20406223211024361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hydes T. J., Kennedy O. J., Buchanan R. et al. The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis on adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank. BMC Medicine. 2023;21:185. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02891-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hydes T. J., Kennedy O. J., Buchanan R. et al. The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis on adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank. BMC Medicine. 2023;21:185. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02891-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Wu Sh., Gao J. et al. Association of Stroke With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease With and Without CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024; Apr;83(4):477-488. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.08.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y., Wu Sh., Gao J. et al. Association of Stroke With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease With and Without CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024; Apr;83(4):477-488. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.08.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terasaka Y., Takahashi H., Amano K. et al. Change in Liver Fibrosis Associates with Progress of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2023; 15(14):3248. doi: 10.3390/nu15143248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terasaka Y., Takahashi H., Amano K. et al. Change in Liver Fibrosis Associates with Progress of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2023; 15(14):3248. doi: 10.3390/nu15143248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An international Delphi consensus statement on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and risk of chronic kidney disease. HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr. 2023;12(3):386-403. doi: 10.21037/hbsn-22-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An international Delphi consensus statement on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and risk of chronic kidney disease. HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr. 2023;12(3):386-403. doi: 10.21037/hbsn-22-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao J., Li Y., Zhang Y. et al. Severity and Remission of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty/Steatotic Liver Disease With Chronic Kidney Disease Occurrence. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13: e032604. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao J., Li Y., Zhang Y. et al. Severity and Remission of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty/Steatotic Liver Disease With Chronic Kidney Disease Occurrence. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13: e032604. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onwuzo S. S., Hitawala A. A., Boustany A. et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with nephrotic syndrome: A population-based study. World J Hepatol. 2023; 15(2): 265-273. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onwuzo S. S., Hitawala A. A., Boustany A. et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with nephrotic syndrome: A population-based study. World J Hepatol. 2023; 15(2): 265-273. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H. H., Ro H., Jung J. Y. et al. The Fatty Liver Index’s Association with Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Middle-Aged Adults: A Community-Based Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024;13:1616. doi: 10.3390/jcm13061616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H. H., Ro H., Jung J. Y. et al. The Fatty Liver Index’s Association with Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Middle-Aged Adults: A Community-Based Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024;13:1616. doi: 10.3390/jcm13061616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navadurong H., Prasoppokakorn T., Srisawat N. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a novel biomarker for predicting chronic kidney disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Port Hypertens Cirrhos. 2022;1:157-166. doi:10.1002/poh2.32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navadurong H., Prasoppokakorn T., Srisawat N. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a novel biomarker for predicting chronic kidney disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Port Hypertens Cirrhos. 2022;1:157-166. doi:10.1002/poh2.32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lonardo A. Association of NAFLD/NASH, and MAFLD/MASLD with chronic kidney disease: an updated narrative review. Metab Target Organ Damage. 2024;4:16. doi: 10.20517/mtod.2024.07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lonardo A. Association of NAFLD/NASH, and MAFLD/MASLD with chronic kidney disease: an updated narrative review. Metab Target Organ Damage. 2024;4:16. doi: 10.20517/mtod.2024.07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun D. Q., Jin Y., Wang T. Y. et al. MAFLD and risk of CKD. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 2021; 154433. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun D. Q., Jin Y., Wang T. Y. et al. MAFLD and risk of CKD. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 2021; 154433. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiapidou S., Liava C., Kalogirou M. et al. Chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What the Hepatologist should know? Annals of Hepatology. 2020; 134-144. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.07.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiapidou S., Liava C., Kalogirou M. et al. Chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What the Hepatologist should know? Annals of Hepatology. 2020; 134-144. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.07.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yodoshi T., Arce-Clachar A.C., Sun Q. et al. Glomerular Hyperfiltration Is Associated with Liver Disease Severity in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The Journal of Paediatrics. 2020; vol. 222, pp. 127-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yodoshi T., Arce-Clachar A.C., Sun Q. et al. Glomerular Hyperfiltration Is Associated with Liver Disease Severity in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The Journal of Paediatrics. 2020; vol. 222, pp. 127-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mima A. Prediction of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate using liver fibrosis markers: a renal biopsy-based study. Sci Rep. 2022; 12, 17630. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22636-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mima A. Prediction of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate using liver fibrosis markers: a renal biopsy-based study. Sci Rep. 2022; 12, 17630. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22636-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tao Z., Li Y., Cheng B. et al. Influence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Occurrence and Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022;10(1):164-173. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tao Z., Li Y., Cheng B. et al. Influence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Occurrence and Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022;10(1):164-173. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassouneh R., Siddiqui M. S., Bhati C. Risk of cardio-nephro-metabolic disease from NAFLD to MAFLD: fact or fiction? Metab Target Organ Damage. 2021;1:4. doi: 10.20517/mtod.2021.07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassouneh R., Siddiqui M. S., Bhati C. Risk of cardio-nephro-metabolic disease from NAFLD to MAFLD: fact or fiction? Metab Target Organ Damage. 2021;1:4. doi: 10.20517/mtod.2021.07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinella M. E., Brent N.-T., Shadab S. М. et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5): p 1797-1835, May 2023. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinella M. E., Brent N.-T., Shadab S. М. et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5): p 1797-1835, May 2023. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamori D., Tanaka M., Sato T. et al. Coexistence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Is a More Potent Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jul 18;12(14): e030269. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamori D., Tanaka M., Sato T. et al. Coexistence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Is a More Potent Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jul 18;12(14): e030269. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan B., Wan X., Ma M. et al.Complement C3 and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Pilot Study. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2020;45:61-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan B., Wan X., Ma M. et al.Complement C3 and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Pilot Study. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2020;45:61-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahiya Sh., Kulkarni V., Gupta T. et al. Prevalence and Severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. JIACM. 2023; 24 (2): 91-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahiya Sh., Kulkarni V., Gupta T. et al. Prevalence and Severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. JIACM. 2023; 24 (2): 91-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heda R., Yazawa M., Shi M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease: Retrospect, introspect, and prospect. World J Gastroenterol. 2021; 27(17): 1864-1882. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i17.1864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heda R., Yazawa M., Shi M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease: Retrospect, introspect, and prospect. World J Gastroenterol. 2021; 27(17): 1864-1882. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i17.1864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang L-J., Sun D-Q., Song S. J. Serum PRO-C3 is useful for risk prediction and fibrosis assessment in MAFLD with chronic kidney disease in an Asian cohort. Liver Int. 2024; 44: 1129-1141. doi: 10.1111/liv.15878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang L-J., Sun D-Q., Song S. J. Serum PRO-C3 is useful for risk prediction and fibrosis assessment in MAFLD with chronic kidney disease in an Asian cohort. Liver Int. 2024; 44: 1129-1141. doi: 10.1111/liv.15878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drapkina O. M., Zyatenkova E. V. Kidney injury in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic heart failure. Medical Council. 2015;(13): 118-123. (In Russ.)@@ Драпкина О. М., Зятенкова Е. В. Поражение почек у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Медицинский совет. 2015;(13): 118-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O. M., Zyatenkova E. V. Kidney injury in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic heart failure. Medical Council. 2015;(13): 118-123. (In Russ.)@@ Драпкина О. М., Зятенкова Е. В. Поражение почек у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Медицинский совет. 2015;(13): 118-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stacenko M.E., Turkina S. V., Ermolenko A. A. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - new risk factor of chronic kidney disease. Herald of VolGMU. 2018; № 2 (66). (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nealkogolnaya-zhirovaya-bolezn-pecheni-novyy-faktor-riska-razvitiya-hronicheskoy-bolezni-pochek (Accessed: 29.04.2024).@@ Стаценко М. Е., Туркина С. В., Ермоленко А. А. и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени - новый фактор риска развития хронической болезни почек. Вестник ВолГМУ. 2018; № 2 (66). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nealkogolnaya-zhirovaya-bolezn-pecheni-novyy-faktor-riska-razvitiya-hronicheskoy-bolezni-pochek (дата обращения: 29.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stacenko M.E., Turkina S. V., Ermolenko A. A. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - new risk factor of chronic kidney disease. Herald of VolGMU. 2018; № 2 (66). (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nealkogolnaya-zhirovaya-bolezn-pecheni-novyy-faktor-riska-razvitiya-hronicheskoy-bolezni-pochek (Accessed: 29.04.2024).@@ Стаценко М. Е., Туркина С. В., Ермоленко А. А. и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени - новый фактор риска развития хронической болезни почек. Вестник ВолГМУ. 2018; № 2 (66). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nealkogolnaya-zhirovaya-bolezn-pecheni-novyy-faktor-riska-razvitiya-hronicheskoy-bolezni-pochek (дата обращения: 29.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shelihovskaya P.A., Sabirova A. I., Mamytova A. B. Nephrotic and cerebrovascular risks in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Тhe Scientific Heritage. 2020;46-3(46): 71-76. (In Russ.)@@ Шелиховская П. А., Сабирова А. И., Мамытова А. Б. Нефротические и цереброваскулярные риски при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Тhe Scientific Heritage. 2020;46-3(46): 71-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelihovskaya P.A., Sabirova A. I., Mamytova A. B. Nephrotic and cerebrovascular risks in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Тhe Scientific Heritage. 2020;46-3(46): 71-76. (In Russ.)@@ Шелиховская П. А., Сабирова А. И., Мамытова А. Б. Нефротические и цереброваскулярные риски при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Тhe Scientific Heritage. 2020;46-3(46): 71-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Y., Du Y., Jia W. et al. Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front. Endocrinol. 2023;14:1125829. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao Y., Du Y., Jia W. et al. Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front. Endocrinol. 2023;14:1125829. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baratta F., D’Erasmo L., Di Costanzo A. et al. Metabolic Syndrome but Not Fatty Liver-Associated Genetic Variants Correlates with Glomerular Renal Function Decline in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(3):720. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baratta F., D’Erasmo L., Di Costanzo A. et al. Metabolic Syndrome but Not Fatty Liver-Associated Genetic Variants Correlates with Glomerular Renal Function Decline in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(3):720. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xuezhu L., Dipankar B., Yue Y. Chronic kidney disease in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Basic Research. 2024; Vol. 105, (3): 540-561. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.12.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xuezhu L., Dipankar B., Yue Y. Chronic kidney disease in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Basic Research. 2024; Vol. 105, (3): 540-561. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.12.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu H., Cao C., Han Y. et al. Triglyceride affects the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A second analysis of a Chinese cohort study. Front. Med. 2022;9:984241. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu H., Cao C., Han Y. et al. Triglyceride affects the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A second analysis of a Chinese cohort study. Front. Med. 2022;9:984241. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang M., Geng C. A., Liu X. et al. Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines. 2021; Oct 6;9(10):1405. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang M., Geng C. A., Liu X. et al. Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines. 2021; Oct 6;9(10):1405. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bock F., Al-Dabet Moh’d Mohanad A., Shahzad K. et al. The Effect of Ursodiol on Kidney Function: A Retrospective Case Series of Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. 2017; https://www.asn-online.org/education/kidneyweek/2017/program-abstract.aspx?controlId=2783116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bock F., Al-Dabet Moh’d Mohanad A., Shahzad K. et al. The Effect of Ursodiol on Kidney Function: A Retrospective Case Series of Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. 2017; https://www.asn-online.org/education/kidneyweek/2017/program-abstract.aspx?controlId=2783116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y., Liu S., Gao H. et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and mitochondrial dysfunction through acting on ALDH1L2. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2020;152: 821-837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y., Liu S., Gao H. et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and mitochondrial dysfunction through acting on ALDH1L2. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2020;152: 821-837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakovleva S. V., Pirogova I. Yu. Relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and 25(OH)D levels in young men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;(10):50-57. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-50-57.@@ Яковлева С. В., Пирогова И. Ю. Взаимосвязь кардиометаболических факторов риска и уровня 25(ОН)Д у молодых мужчин на фоне неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;(10):50-57. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-50-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovleva S. V., Pirogova I. Yu. Relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and 25(OH)D levels in young men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;(10):50-57. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-50-57.@@ Яковлева С. В., Пирогова И. Ю. Взаимосвязь кардиометаболических факторов риска и уровня 25(ОН)Д у молодых мужчин на фоне неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;(10):50-57. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-50-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gouni- Berthold I., Berthold H. K. Vitamin D and Vascular Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021;19(3):250-268. doi: 10. 2174/1570161118666200317151955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gouni- Berthold I., Berthold H. K. Vitamin D and Vascular Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021;19(3):250-268. doi: 10. 2174/1570161118666200317151955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj D., Tomar B., Lahiri A. et al. The gut-liver-kidney axis: Novel regulator of fatty liver associated chronic kidney disease. Pharmacological Research. 2020; 152:104617. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj D., Tomar B., Lahiri A. et al. The gut-liver-kidney axis: Novel regulator of fatty liver associated chronic kidney disease. Pharmacological Research. 2020; 152:104617. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grander C., Grabherr F., Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovascular Research. 2023;119,9: 1787-1798. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvad095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grander C., Grabherr F., Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovascular Research. 2023;119,9: 1787-1798. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvad095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
