<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-228-8-89-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2855</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние питания и эпигенетики на развитие нейродегенеративных заболеваний у людей пожилого и старческого возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of nutrition and epigenetics on the development of neurodegenerative diseases in elderly and old people</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">s.v.bulgakova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмаев</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmaev</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тренева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treneva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-6566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широлапов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirolapov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгаков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Булгакова С.В., Курмаев Д.П., Тренева Е.В., Широлапов И.В., Булгаков А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Булгакова С.В., Курмаев Д.П., Тренева Е.В., Широлапов И.В., Булгаков А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulgakova S.V., Kurmaev D.P., Treneva E.V., Shirolapov I.V., Bulgakov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2855">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2855</self-uri><abstract><p>В связи с ростом числа лиц пожилого и старческого возраста в мировой популяции отмечается увеличение распространенности нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Болезни Альцгеймера и Паркинсона, рассеянный склероз, боковой амиотрофический склероз - наиболее часто встречающиеся нозологии этой группы, в основе которых лежит поражение нейронов с последующей гибелью соответствующих отделов головного и спинного мозга. Для этих пациентов характерны нарастающий дефицит повседневной активности, снижение продуктивности когнитивных функций с развитием нуждаемости в постоянном и долгосрочном уходе, что связано с огромными экономическими и социальными издержками общества. В то же время, не существует эффективных программ профилактики и лечения данных заболеваний. В обзоре литературы авторы провели анализ работ, посвященных нейродегенеративным заболеваниям, роли питания, эпигенетики, как факторов профилактики и замедления прогрессирования процессов нейродегенерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the growing number of elderly and senile people in the world population, there is an increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the most common nosologies in this group, which are based on neuronal damage and subsequent death of the corresponding parts of the brain and spinal cord. These patients are characterized by a growing deficit in daily activities, a decrease in the productivity of cognitive functions, followed by the need for constant and long-term care, which is associated with huge economic and social costs to society. At the same time, there are no effective programs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In the review of the literature, the authors analyzed the works devoted to neurodegenerative diseases, the role of nutrition, epigenetics as factors in the prevention and slowing down the progression of neurodegeneration processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>ageing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health (Accessed: 05.05.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health (Accessed: 05.05.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulgakova S. V., Treneva E. V., Zaharova N. O., Nikolaeva A. V. Biological and chronological aging (literature review). Clinical gerontology. 2020;9-10:9-16. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202009-10009-016.@@ Булгакова С. В., Тренева Е. В., Захарова Н. О., Николаева А. В. Биологическое и хронологическое старение (обзор литературы). Клиническая геронтология. 2020;9-10:9-16. doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202009-10009-016. []</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulgakova S. V., Treneva E. V., Zaharova N. O., Nikolaeva A. V. Biological and chronological aging (literature review). Clinical gerontology. 2020;9-10:9-16. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202009-10009-016.@@ Булгакова С. В., Тренева Е. В., Захарова Н. О., Николаева А. В. Биологическое и хронологическое старение (обзор литературы). Клиническая геронтология. 2020;9-10:9-16. doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202009-10009-016. []</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milošević M., Arsić A., Cvetković Z. et al. Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Front Nutr. 2021;8:688086. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milošević M., Arsić A., Cvetković Z. et al. Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Front Nutr. 2021;8:688086. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirolapov I. V., Zakharov A. V., Smirnova D. A. et al. The Role of the Glymphatic Clearance System in the Mechanisms of the Interactions of the Sleep-Waking Cycle and the Development of Neurodegenerative Processes. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2024;54(2):199-204. doi: 10.1007/s11055-024-01585-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirolapov I. V., Zakharov A. V., Smirnova D. A. et al. The Role of the Glymphatic Clearance System in the Mechanisms of the Interactions of the Sleep-Waking Cycle and the Development of Neurodegenerative Processes. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2024;54(2):199-204. doi: 10.1007/s11055-024-01585-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weyrich A., Jeschek M., Schrapers K. T. et al. Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs. Environ Epigen. 2018;4: dvy011. doi: 10.1093/eep/dvy011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weyrich A., Jeschek M., Schrapers K. T. et al. Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs. Environ Epigen. 2018;4: dvy011. doi: 10.1093/eep/dvy011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baylin S. B., Jones P. A. Epigenetic determinants of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016;8: ea019505. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baylin S. B., Jones P. A. Epigenetic determinants of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016;8: ea019505. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong J., Karlsson O., Wang G. et al. B vitamins attenuate the epigenetic effects of ambient fine particles in a pilot human intervention trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:3503-3508. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618545114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong J., Karlsson O., Wang G. et al. B vitamins attenuate the epigenetic effects of ambient fine particles in a pilot human intervention trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:3503-3508. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618545114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bae S., Kamynina E., Farinola A. F. et al. Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2017: CD012649. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bae S., Kamynina E., Farinola A. F. et al. Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2017: CD012649. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva L. B.A.R., Pinheiro-Castro N., Novaes G. M. et al. Bioactive food compounds, epigenetics and chronic disease prevention: Focus on early-life interventions with polyphenols. Food Res Int. 2019;125:108646. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva L. B.A.R., Pinheiro-Castro N., Novaes G. M. et al. Bioactive food compounds, epigenetics and chronic disease prevention: Focus on early-life interventions with polyphenols. Food Res Int. 2019;125:108646. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee W. J., Zhu B. T. Inhibition of DNA methylation by caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee polyphenols. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27:269-77. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee W. J., Zhu B. T. Inhibition of DNA methylation by caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee polyphenols. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27:269-77. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez-Miguel C., Moral R., Escrich R. et al. The role of dietary extra virgin olive oil and corn oil on the alteration of epigenetic patterns in the rat DMBA-induced breast cancer model. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0138980. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez-Miguel C., Moral R., Escrich R. et al. The role of dietary extra virgin olive oil and corn oil on the alteration of epigenetic patterns in the rat DMBA-induced breast cancer model. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0138980. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J., Ying Y., Zhu H. et al. Curcumin-induced promoter hypermethylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin gene in multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:1108-1114. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J., Ying Y., Zhu H. et al. Curcumin-induced promoter hypermethylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin gene in multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:1108-1114. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burdge G. C., Lillycrop K. A. Fatty acids and epigenetics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014;17:156-161. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burdge G. C., Lillycrop K. A. Fatty acids and epigenetics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014;17:156-161. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Q., Mo M., Zhong Y. et al. The anticancer role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was closely associated with the increase in genomic DNA hydroxymethylation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19:330-336. doi: 10.2174/1871520618666181018143026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Q., Mo M., Zhong Y. et al. The anticancer role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was closely associated with the increase in genomic DNA hydroxymethylation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19:330-336. doi: 10.2174/1871520618666181018143026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ceccarelli V., Valentini V., Ronchetti S. et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces DNA demethylation in carcinoma cells through a TET1-dependent mechanism. FASEB J. Published online May 14, 2018. doi: 10.1096/fj.201800245R.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ceccarelli V., Valentini V., Ronchetti S. et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces DNA demethylation in carcinoma cells through a TET1-dependent mechanism. FASEB J. Published online May 14, 2018. doi: 10.1096/fj.201800245R.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulgakova S. V., Romanchuk N. P., Pomazanova O. S. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and Immune Homeostasis: Gut-brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2020;6(12):124-1546. (in Russ.) doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/61/15.@@ Булгакова С. В., Романчук Н. П., Помазанова О. С. Психонейроиммуноэндокринология и иммунный гомеостаз: ось кишечник-головной мозг, ожирение и когнитивные функции. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2020;6(12):124-154. doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/61/15. []</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulgakova S. V., Romanchuk N. P., Pomazanova O. S. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and Immune Homeostasis: Gut-brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2020;6(12):124-1546. (in Russ.) doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/61/15.@@ Булгакова С. В., Романчук Н. П., Помазанова О. С. Психонейроиммуноэндокринология и иммунный гомеостаз: ось кишечник-головной мозг, ожирение и когнитивные функции. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2020;6(12):124-154. doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/61/15. []</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkins L. J., Monga M., Miller A. W. Defining dysbiosis for a cluster of chronic diseases. Sci Rep. 2019;9:12918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49452-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkins L. J., Monga M., Miller A. W. Defining dysbiosis for a cluster of chronic diseases. Sci Rep. 2019;9:12918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49452-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinöcker M. K., Lindseth I. A. The Western diet-microbiome-host interaction and its role in metabolic disease. Nutrients. 2018;10:365. doi: 10.3390/nu10030365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinöcker M. K., Lindseth I. A. The Western diet-microbiome-host interaction and its role in metabolic disease. Nutrients. 2018;10:365. doi: 10.3390/nu10030365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillette-Guyonnet S., Secher M., Vellas B. Nutrition and neurodegeneration: epidemiological evidence and challenges for future research. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75:738-755. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillette-Guyonnet S., Secher M., Vellas B. Nutrition and neurodegeneration: epidemiological evidence and challenges for future research. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75:738-755. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulgakova S. V., Romanchuk N. P. Immune Homeostasis: New Role of Micro- and Macroelements, Healthy Microbiota. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2020;6(10):206-2336 (in Russ.) doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/59/22.@@ Булгакова С. В., Романчук Н. П. Иммунный гомеостаз: новая роль микро- и макроэлементов, здоровой микробиоты. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2020;6(10):206-233. doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/59/22. []</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulgakova S. V., Romanchuk N. P. Immune Homeostasis: New Role of Micro- and Macroelements, Healthy Microbiota. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2020;6(10):206-2336 (in Russ.) doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/59/22.@@ Булгакова С. В., Романчук Н. П. Иммунный гомеостаз: новая роль микро- и макроэлементов, здоровой микробиоты. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2020;6(10):206-233. doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/59/22. []</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu X., Liu Z., Zhu C. et al. Nondigestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59: S130-152. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1542587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu X., Liu Z., Zhu C. et al. Nondigestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59: S130-152. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1542587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalile B., Van Oudenhove L., Vervliet B. et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16:461-78. doi: 10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalile B., Van Oudenhove L., Vervliet B. et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16:461-78. doi: 10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourassa M. W., Alim I., Bultman S. J. et al. Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: can a high fiber diet improve brain health? Neurosci Lett. 2016;625:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourassa M. W., Alim I., Bultman S. J. et al. Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: can a high fiber diet improve brain health? Neurosci Lett. 2016;625:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Killingsworth J., Sawmiller D., Shytle R. D. Propionate and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:580001. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Killingsworth J., Sawmiller D., Shytle R. D. Propionate and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:580001. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ceppa F. A., Izzo L., Sardelli L. et al. Human gut-microbiota interaction in neurodegenerative disorders and current engineered tools for its modeling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:297. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ceppa F. A., Izzo L., Sardelli L. et al. Human gut-microbiota interaction in neurodegenerative disorders and current engineered tools for its modeling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:297. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fulop T., Witkowski J. M., Olivieri F., Larbi A. The integration of inflammaging in age-related diseases. Semin Immunol. 2018;40:17-35. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fulop T., Witkowski J. M., Olivieri F., Larbi A. The integration of inflammaging in age-related diseases. Semin Immunol. 2018;40:17-35. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagu P., Parashar A., Behl T., Mehta V. Gut microbiota composition and epigenetic molecular changes connected to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2021;71:1436-1455. doi: 10.1007/s12031-021-01829-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagu P., Parashar A., Behl T., Mehta V. Gut microbiota composition and epigenetic molecular changes connected to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2021;71:1436-1455. doi: 10.1007/s12031-021-01829-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur H., Singh Y., Singh S., Singh R. B. Gut microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation of brain disorder and application of machine learning for multi-omics data analysis. Genome. 2021;64:355-371. doi: 10.1139/gen-2020-0136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur H., Singh Y., Singh S., Singh R. B. Gut microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation of brain disorder and application of machine learning for multi-omics data analysis. Genome. 2021;64:355-371. doi: 10.1139/gen-2020-0136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogt N. M., Kerby R. L., Dill-McFarland K.A. et al. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7:13537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13601-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogt N. M., Kerby R. L., Dill-McFarland K.A. et al. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7:13537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13601-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y. P., Chiu G. F., Kuo F. C. et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Is Associated with the Progression of Dementia: A Population-Based Study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:175729. doi: 10.1155/2013/175729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang Y. P., Chiu G. F., Kuo F. C. et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Is Associated with the Progression of Dementia: A Population-Based Study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:175729. doi: 10.1155/2013/175729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Q., Wang Y., Wang X. et al. Decreased levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide alleviate cognitive and pathological deterioration in transgenic mice: a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11:8642-63. doi: 10.18632/aging.102352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Q., Wang Y., Wang X. et al. Decreased levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide alleviate cognitive and pathological deterioration in transgenic mice: a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11:8642-63. doi: 10.18632/aging.102352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Killinger B. A., Madaj Z., Sikora J. W. et al. The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10:5280. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar5280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Killinger B. A., Madaj Z., Sikora J. W. et al. The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10:5280. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar5280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sampson T. The impact of indigenous microbes on Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;135:104426. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sampson T. The impact of indigenous microbes on Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;135:104426. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prohurovskaya E. V., Bulgakova S. V., Melikova A. V., Zaкharova N. O. Role of the gut microbiota in the development of parkinson’s disease in the elderly (literature review). Clinical gerontology. 2021;7-8:63-68. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202107-08063-068.@@ Прохуровская Е. В., Булгакова С. В., Меликова А. В., Захарова Н. О. Роль микробиоты кишечника в развитии болезни Паркинсона у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста (обзор литературы). Клиническая геронтология. 2021;7-8:63-68. doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202107-08063-068. []</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prohurovskaya E. V., Bulgakova S. V., Melikova A. V., Zaкharova N. O. Role of the gut microbiota in the development of parkinson’s disease in the elderly (literature review). Clinical gerontology. 2021;7-8:63-68. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202107-08063-068.@@ Прохуровская Е. В., Булгакова С. В., Меликова А. В., Захарова Н. О. Роль микробиоты кишечника в развитии болезни Паркинсона у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста (обзор литературы). Клиническая геронтология. 2021;7-8:63-68. doi: 10.26347/1607-2499202107-08063-068. []</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Kessel S. P., Frye A. K., El-Gendy A.O. et al. Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Commun. 2019;10:310. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08294-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Kessel S. P., Frye A. K., El-Gendy A.O. et al. Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Commun. 2019;10:310. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08294-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh T. S., Rampelli S., Jeffery I. B. et al. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries. Gut. 2020;69:1218-1228. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh T. S., Rampelli S., Jeffery I. B. et al. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries. Gut. 2020;69:1218-1228. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukutomi R., Ohishi T., Koyama Y. et al. Beneficial effects of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin on neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules. 2021;26:415. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukutomi R., Ohishi T., Koyama Y. et al. Beneficial effects of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin on neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules. 2021;26:415. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Z. Z., Li X. Y., Wang S. et al. Bidirectional interactions between curcumin and gut microbiota in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;104:3507-15. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10461-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Z. Z., Li X. Y., Wang S. et al. Bidirectional interactions between curcumin and gut microbiota in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;104:3507-15. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10461-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atlante A., Amadoro G., Bobba A., Latina V. Functional foods: an approach to modulate molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease. Cells. 2020;9:2347. doi: 10.3390/cells9112347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atlante A., Amadoro G., Bobba A., Latina V. Functional foods: an approach to modulate molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease. Cells. 2020;9:2347. doi: 10.3390/cells9112347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
