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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-226-6-176-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние проблемы микробиоты кишечника c точки зрения педиатров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The current state of the problem of intestinal microbiota according to pediatricians</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-1092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">k-i-grigoryev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonova L.A., Grigoryev K.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2818">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2818</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются механизмы формирования кишечной микробиоты, ее влияния на здоровье ребенка, участие в физиологических и патологических процессах. Микроорганизмы проникают в организм плода внутриутробно, далее новорожденный ребенок получает микрофлору от матери в течение родов. Результаты молекулярно-генетических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что процесс микробной колонизации ребенка определяется особенностями питания. Большое значение в становление нормальной микрофлоры принадлежит грудному вскармливанию. Микробиота кишечника взаимодействует с различными частями тела, влияя на патогенез многих местных и системных заболеваний. Рассмотрены наиболее важные механизмы формирования у детей заболеваний в зависимости от аномалии в структуре микробиома. Понимание процессов формирования кишечной микрофлоры позволяет разрабатывать эффективные методы профилактики микроэкологических и моторных нарушений в возрастном аспекте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The mechanisms of formation of the intestinal microbiota, its influence on the health of the child, participation in physiological and pathological processes are considered. Microorganisms enter the body of the fetus in utero, then the newborn child receives the microflora from the mother during childbirth. The results of molecular genetic studies indicate that the process of microbial colonization of a child is determined by the characteristics of nutrition. Of great importance in the formation of normal microflora belongs to breastfeeding. The gut microbiota interacts with various parts of the body, influencing the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. The most important mechanisms for the formation of diseases in children depending on anomalies in the structure of the microbiome are considered. Understanding the processes of formation of intestinal microflora allows us to develop effective methods for the prevention and correction of microecological and motor disorders in the age aspect.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>пребиотики</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>prebiotics</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaeva I. V., Tsaregorodtsev A. D., Shaikhieva G. S. 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