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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-226-6-5-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2793</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микрохимеризм естественно-приобретенный: клинические, научные и этические проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Naturally acquired microchimerism: clinical, scientific and ethical issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">luba2k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-1092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонова Л.А., Григорьев К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonova L.A., Grigoryev K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2793">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2793</self-uri><abstract><p>Под микрохимеризмом (МХ) понимают наличие в организме генетически отличных от популяции индивидуума клеток, способных к существованию и персистенции. Процесс связан с обменом клеточным материалом между матерью и плодом. Последствия внутриутробного приобретения плодом материнского МХ (ММХ) по сути отличаются от приобретения матерью фетального МХ (ФМХ) при зрелом состоянии организма. Так как все эти процессы осуществляются в период раннего развития иммунной системы плода, то первоначальным ответом иммунной системы является развитие специфической толерантности к материнским антигенам. ММХ может видоизменять иммунные функции и реактивность, реализуясь посредством негенетического приобретения клеточного и субклеточного материала. Как ФМХ, так и ММХ - достаточно распространенные явления, что оказывает влияние на организм ребенка и матери, на дифференцировку и функциональные возможности клеток хозяина организма. Микрохимеризм не только помогает организму ограничить ту или иную болезнь, но также причастен к развитию аутоиммунных заболеваний. Все это позволяет рассматривать чужеродные клетки как потенциальную мишень для лекарственных препаратов в борьбе с аутоиммунными заболеваниями или, наоборот, стимуляции процессов регенерации поврежденных тканей. Рассматриваются вопросы эволюции, перспективы профилактики различных патологических состояний с позиций учета материнского и фетального МХ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microchimerism (MC) is understood as the presence in the body of cells genetically different from the population of the individual, capable of existence and persistence, that is, reproduction and differentiation. This process is associated with the exchange of cellular material between mother and fetus. The consequences of the intrauterine acquisition of maternal MC (MMC) by the fetus are essentially different from the acquisition by the mother of fetal CM (FMC) in the mature state of the organism. Microchimerism has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, but it also helps the body limit a particular disease. Since all these processes take place during the early development of the fetal immune system, the initial response of the immune system is the development of specific tolerance to maternal antigens. MMС can modify immune functions and reactivity through the nongenetic acquisition of cellular and subcellular material. Both FMС and MMС are quite common phenomena, which affects the body of the child and mother, the differentiation and functionality of the host cells. All this allows us to consider foreign cells as a potential target for drugs in the fight against autoimmune diseases or, conversely, stimulation of regeneration processes of damaged tissues. Issues of evolution and prospects for the prevention of various pathological conditions are considered from the standpoint of taking into account maternal and fetal chimerism syndrome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрохимеризм</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>материнский организм</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microchimerism</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>maternal organism</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>autoimmune diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rumyantsev A. G, Mareeva YU.M. [Maternal microchimerism and its clinical significance]. Pediatria n. a. G. N. Speransky. 2011; 90 (4):6-11. (in Russ.)@@ Румянцев А. Г., Мареева Ю. М. Материнский микрохимеризм и его клиническое значение. Педиатрия им. Г. Н. 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