<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-222-2-101-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ожирение как основной компонент метаболического синдрома и фактор риска коморбидности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity as a main component of metabolic syndrome and a risk factor for comorbidity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-4919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаронова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">lyuda163@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-6411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-1057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косарева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosareva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тренева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treneva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмаев</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmaev</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаронова Л.А., Булгакова С.В., Долгих Ю.А., Косарева О.В., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаронова Л.А., Булгакова С.В., Долгих Ю.А., Косарева О.В., Тренева Е.В., Курмаев Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharonova L.A., Bulgakova S.V., Dolgikh Y.A., Kosareva O.V., Treneva E.V., Kurmaev D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2586">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2586</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение является важной медико-социальной проблемой, занимает одно из ведущих мест среди факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска. Ожирение является основным компонентом метаболического синдрома и патогенетически взаимосвязано с его другими проявлениями, в результате чего формируется портрет коморбидного пациента. В статье представлены данные о распространенности, критериях диагностики ожирения, показана взаимосвязь ожирения с другими компонентами метаболического синдрома. Обсуждается роль дисфункции жировой ткани при ожирении на развитие и прогрессирование инсулинорезистентности, атеросклероза, а также ее взаимосвязь с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и артериальной гипертензией. Показано, что ожирение является фактором коморбидности и основой метаболического синдрома, ведущим патогенетическим механизмом в формировании и прогрессировании его компонентов, предшествуя их возникновению. Это позволяет сделать вывод, что снижение массы тела может снизить сердечно-сосудистые риски, уменьшить проявления метаболического синдрома, а в ряде случаев даже ликвидировать их полностью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity is an important medical and social problem, it occupies one of the leading places among cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome. It has a close pathogenetic relationship with its other manifestations, as a result of which a portrait of a comorbid patient is formed. The article presents data on the prevalence, criteria for diagnosing obesity, the relationship of obesity with other components of the metabolic syndrome is shown. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity on the development and progression of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, as well as its relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial hypertension is discussed. It is shown that obesity is a comorbidity factor and the basis of the metabolic syndrome, the leading pathogenetic mechanism in the formation and progression of its components, preceding their occurrence. This allows us to conclude that weight loss can reduce cardiovascular risks, reduce the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome, and in some cases even eliminate them completely.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Discussion paper (Version dated 19 August 2021) Draft recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity over the life course, including potential targets. Available from: who-discussion-paper-on-obesity--final190821.pdf (Accessed: 05.05.2023.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Discussion paper (Version dated 19 August 2021) Draft recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity over the life course, including potential targets. Available from: who-discussion-paper-on-obesity--final190821.pdf (Accessed: 05.05.2023.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:13-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:13-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong E., Tanamas S. K., Wolfe R. et al. The role of obesity duration on the association between obesity and risk of physical disability. Obesity. 2015;23(2):443-447. doi: 10.1002/oby.20936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong E., Tanamas S. K., Wolfe R. et al. The role of obesity duration on the association between obesity and risk of physical disability. Obesity. 2015;23(2):443-447. doi: 10.1002/oby.20936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muromtseva G. A., Kontsevaya A. V., Konstantinov V. V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012-2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.@@ Муромцева Г. А., Концевая А. В., Константинов В. В. и др. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012-2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muromtseva G. A., Kontsevaya A. V., Konstantinov V. V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012-2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.@@ Муромцева Г. А., Концевая А. В., Константинов В. В. и др. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012-2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanefeld M., Schaper F., Ceriello A. Geschichte und Definition(en) des metabolischen Syndroms [History and definition(s) of metabolic syndrome].Internist (Berl). 2007 Feb;48(2):117-25. German. doi: 10.1007/s00108-006-1786-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanefeld M., Schaper F., Ceriello A. Geschichte und Definition(en) des metabolischen Syndroms [History and definition(s) of metabolic syndrome].Internist (Berl). 2007 Feb;48(2):117-25. German. doi: 10.1007/s00108-006-1786-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salihova A. F., Farhutdinova L. M., Allaberdina D. U. Obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. History of research and modern view of the problem. Vestnik Akademii nauk Respubliki Bashkortostan. 2012; 17(1):32-38. (In Russ.)@@ Салихова А. Ф., Фархутдинова Л. М., Аллабердина Д. У. Ожирение - эпидемия XXI века. История исследования и современный взгляд на проблему. Вестник Академии наук Республики Башкортостан. 2012; 17(1):32-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salihova A. F., Farhutdinova L. M., Allaberdina D. U. Obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. History of research and modern view of the problem. Vestnik Akademii nauk Respubliki Bashkortostan. 2012; 17(1):32-38. (In Russ.)@@ Салихова А. Ф., Фархутдинова Л. М., Аллабердина Д. У. Ожирение - эпидемия XXI века. История исследования и современный взгляд на проблему. Вестник Академии наук Республики Башкортостан. 2012; 17(1):32-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Major S. G. Blood pressure in diabetes mellitus: a statistical study. Arch.Intern. Med. 1929;44:797-812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Major S. G. Blood pressure in diabetes mellitus: a statistical study. Arch.Intern. Med. 1929;44:797-812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang G. F. Hypertonic disease. Leningrad. Medgiz; 1950. (In Russ.)@@ Ланг Г. Ф. Гипертоническая болезнь. Л.: Медгиз; 1950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang G. F. Hypertonic disease. Leningrad. Medgiz; 1950. (In Russ.)@@ Ланг Г. Ф. Гипертоническая болезнь. Л.: Медгиз; 1950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VAGUE J. La différenciation sexuelle; facteur déterminant des formes de l’obésité [Sexual differentiation; Factor determining forms of obesity]. Presse Med (1893). 1947 May 24;55(30):339. French. PMID: 18918084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VAGUE J. La différenciation sexuelle; facteur déterminant des formes de l’obésité [Sexual differentiation; Factor determining forms of obesity]. Presse Med (1893). 1947 May 24;55(30):339. French. PMID: 18918084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VAGUE J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1956 Jan-Feb;4(1):20-34. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VAGUE J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1956 Jan-Feb;4(1):20-34. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reaven G. M. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595-607. doi: 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reaven G. M. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595-607. doi: 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanefeld M., Leonhardt W. Das metabolische Syndrom. Dt. Gesundh. Wesen. 1981; 36: 545-551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanefeld M., Leonhardt W. Das metabolische Syndrom. Dt. Gesundh. Wesen. 1981; 36: 545-551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsy R. J. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Manag Care Pharm. 2003 Jan-Feb;9(1 Suppl):2-5. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.s1.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsy R. J. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Manag Care Pharm. 2003 Jan-Feb;9(1 Suppl):2-5. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.s1.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Recommendations for the management of patients with metabolic syndrome. Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2013. 43 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdf (Accessed: 05.05.2023.)@@ Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическим синдромом. Клинические рекомендации МЗ РФ. 2013. 43 с. Доступно: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Recommendations for the management of patients with metabolic syndrome. Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2013. 43 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdf (Accessed: 05.05.2023.)@@ Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическим синдромом. Клинические рекомендации МЗ РФ. 2013. 43 с. Доступно: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">(NCD-RisC), N. R. F. C. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants. The Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-1396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(NCD-RisC), N. R. F. C. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants. The Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-1396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balanova YU. A., SHal’nova S. A., Deev A. D. еt al. on behalf of the participants in the ESSE-RF study. Obesity in the Russian population - prevalence and associations with risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases.Russian journal of cardiology. 2018;23(6):123-130. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-123-130.@@ Баланова Ю. А., Шальнова С. А., Деев А. Д. и др. от имени участников исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Ожирение в российской популяции - распространенность и ассоциации с факторами риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(6):123-130. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-123-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balanova YU. A., SHal’nova S. A., Deev A. D. еt al. on behalf of the participants in the ESSE-RF study. Obesity in the Russian population - prevalence and associations with risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases.Russian journal of cardiology. 2018;23(6):123-130. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-123-130.@@ Баланова Ю. А., Шальнова С. А., Деев А. Д. и др. от имени участников исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Ожирение в российской популяции - распространенность и ассоциации с факторами риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(6):123-130. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-123-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendes K. G., Theodoro H., Rodrigues A. D., Olinto M. T.A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition: a systematic review. Cad Saude Publica. 2012;28(8):1423-1437. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000800002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendes K. G., Theodoro H., Rodrigues A. D., Olinto M. T.A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition: a systematic review. Cad Saude Publica. 2012;28(8):1423-1437. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000800002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pradhan A. D. Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women. Clin Chem. 2014;60(1):44-52. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.202549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pradhan A. D. Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women. Clin Chem. 2014;60(1):44-52. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.202549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riediger N. D., Clara I. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 2011;183(15): E1127-1134. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.110070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riediger N. D., Clara I. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 2011;183(15): E1127-1134. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.110070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alves R. F.S., Faerstein E. Educational in equality in the occurrence of abdominal obesity according to gender and color/race: the Pro-Health Study, 1999-2001 and 2011-2012. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016;32(2): e00077415. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00077415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alves R. F.S., Faerstein E. Educational in equality in the occurrence of abdominal obesity according to gender and color/race: the Pro-Health Study, 1999-2001 and 2011-2012. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016;32(2): e00077415. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00077415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerr J., Anderson C., Lippman S. M. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(8): e457-e471. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30411-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerr J., Anderson C., Lippman S. M. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(8): e457-e471. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30411-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flegal K. M., Kit B. K., Orpana H. et al. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flegal K. M., Kit B. K., Orpana H. et al. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durrer Schutz D., Busetto L., Dicker D., Farpour-Lambert N., Pryke R., Toplak H., Widmer D., Yumuk V., Schutz Y. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts. 2019;12(1):40-66. doi: 10.1159/000496183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durrer Schutz D., Busetto L., Dicker D., Farpour-Lambert N., Pryke R., Toplak H., Widmer D., Yumuk V., Schutz Y. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts. 2019;12(1):40-66. doi: 10.1159/000496183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pouliot M. C., Despres J. P., Lemieux S. et al. Waist circumference and abdominal saggital diameter: best simple anthropometric indices of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:460-468. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90676-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pouliot M. C., Despres J. P., Lemieux S. et al. Waist circumference and abdominal saggital diameter: best simple anthropometric indices of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:460-468. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90676-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Després J. P. Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease: is inflammation the missing link? Can J Cardiol. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(6):642-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.06.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Després J. P. Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease: is inflammation the missing link? Can J Cardiol. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(6):642-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.06.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernardo Léo Wajchenberg, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome. Endocrine Reviews. 2000;21(6, 1 December):697-738. doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernardo Léo Wajchenberg, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome. Endocrine Reviews. 2000;21(6, 1 December):697-738. doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sosnova E. A. Metabolic syndrome. V. F. Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian journal. 2016;3(4):172-180. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18821/2313-8726-2016-3-4-172-180.@@ Соснова Е. А. Метаболический синдром. Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В. Ф. Снегирева. 2016;3(4):172-180. doi: 10.18821/2313-8726-2016-3-4-172-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sosnova E. A. Metabolic syndrome. V. F. Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian journal. 2016;3(4):172-180. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18821/2313-8726-2016-3-4-172-180.@@ Соснова Е. А. Метаболический синдром. Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В. Ф. Снегирева. 2016;3(4):172-180. doi: 10.18821/2313-8726-2016-3-4-172-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drapkina O. M., Kupreyshvili L. V., Fomin V. V. Body composition and its role in development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2017;16(5):81-85. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-5-81-85.@@ Драпкина О. М., Купрейшвили Л. В., Фомин В. В. Композиционный состав тела и его роль в развитии метаболических нарушений и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017;16(5):81-85. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-5-81-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O. M., Kupreyshvili L. V., Fomin V. V. Body composition and its role in development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2017;16(5):81-85. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-5-81-85.@@ Драпкина О. М., Купрейшвили Л. В., Фомин В. В. Композиционный состав тела и его роль в развитии метаболических нарушений и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017;16(5):81-85. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-5-81-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belenkaya L. V. Criteria of obesity for Asian population. Literature review. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2018;3(3):99-102. (In Russ.) doi: 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.3.15.@@ Беленькая Л. В. Критерии ожирения в азиатской популяции. Обзор литературы. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2018;3(3):99-102. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.3.15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belenkaya L. V. Criteria of obesity for Asian population. Literature review. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2018;3(3):99-102. (In Russ.) doi: 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.3.15.@@ Беленькая Л. В. Критерии ожирения в азиатской популяции. Обзор литературы. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2018;3(3):99-102. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.3.15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206936 (Accessed: 05.05.2023)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206936 (Accessed: 05.05.2023)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Examination Committee of Criteria for “Obesity Disease” in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for “obesity disease” in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66(11):987-992. doi: 10.1253/circj.66.987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Examination Committee of Criteria for “Obesity Disease” in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for “obesity disease” in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66(11):987-992. doi: 10.1253/circj.66.987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauad F., Chagas-Neto F., Benedeti A. et al. Reproducibility of abdominal fat assessment by ultrasound and computed tomography. Radiol Bras. 2017;50(3): 141-7. doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauad F., Chagas-Neto F., Benedeti A. et al. Reproducibility of abdominal fat assessment by ultrasound and computed tomography. Radiol Bras. 2017;50(3): 141-7. doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bershteĭn L. M., Kovalenko I. G. Metabolically healthy obese subjects and metabolic signs of obesity in subjects with normal body weight: what is behind? Problems of Endocrinology. 2010;56(3):47-51. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/probl201056347-51.@@ Берштейн Л. М., Коваленко И. Г. “Метаболически здоровые” лица с ожирением и метаболические признаки ожирения у лиц с нормальной массой тела: что за этим стоит? Проблемы эндокринологии. 2010;56(3):47-51. doi: 10.14341/probl201056347-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bershteĭn L. M., Kovalenko I. G. Metabolically healthy obese subjects and metabolic signs of obesity in subjects with normal body weight: what is behind? Problems of Endocrinology. 2010;56(3):47-51. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/probl201056347-51.@@ Берштейн Л. М., Коваленко И. Г. “Метаболически здоровые” лица с ожирением и метаболические признаки ожирения у лиц с нормальной массой тела: что за этим стоит? Проблемы эндокринологии. 2010;56(3):47-51. doi: 10.14341/probl201056347-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveros E., Somers V. K., Sochor O., Goel K., Lopez-Jimenez F. The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):426-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveros E., Somers V. K., Sochor O., Goel K., Lopez-Jimenez F. The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):426-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castro A. V., Kolka C. M., Kim S. P., Bergman R. N. Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities? Mechanisms of association. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014 Aug;58(6):600-9. doi: 10.1590/0004-2730000003223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castro A. V., Kolka C. M., Kim S. P., Bergman R. N. Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities? Mechanisms of association. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014 Aug;58(6):600-9. doi: 10.1590/0004-2730000003223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gastaldelli A., Gaggini M., DeFronzo R. A. Role of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the San Antonio Metabolism Study. Diabetes. 2017;66(4):815-822. doi: 10.2337/db16-1167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gastaldelli A., Gaggini M., DeFronzo R. A. Role of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the San Antonio Metabolism Study. Diabetes. 2017;66(4):815-822. doi: 10.2337/db16-1167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith U., Kahn B. B. Adipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity: role of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and novel lipids. J Intern Med. 2016 Nov;280(5):465-475. doi: 10.1111/joim.12540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith U., Kahn B. B. Adipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity: role of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and novel lipids. J Intern Med. 2016 Nov;280(5):465-475. doi: 10.1111/joim.12540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dedov I. I., Tkachuk V. A., Gusev N. B., Shirinsky V. P., Vorotnikov A. V., Kochegura T. N., Mayorov A. Y., Shestakova M. V. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: identifi cation of the molecular mechanisms, key signaling pathways and transcription factors aimed to reveal new therapeutical targets. Diabetes Mellitus. 2018;21(5):364-375. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM9730.@@ Дедов И. И., Ткачук В. А., Гусев Н. Б., Ширинский В. П., Воротников А. В., Кочегура Т. Н., Майоров А. Ю., Шестакова М. В. Сахарный диабет 2 типа и метаболический синдром: молекулярные механизмы, ключевые сигнальные пути и определение биомишеней для новых лекарственных средств. Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(5):364-375. doi: 10.14341/DM9730.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov I. I., Tkachuk V. A., Gusev N. B., Shirinsky V. P., Vorotnikov A. V., Kochegura T. N., Mayorov A. Y., Shestakova M. V. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: identifi cation of the molecular mechanisms, key signaling pathways and transcription factors aimed to reveal new therapeutical targets. Diabetes Mellitus. 2018;21(5):364-375. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM9730.@@ Дедов И. И., Ткачук В. А., Гусев Н. Б., Ширинский В. П., Воротников А. В., Кочегура Т. Н., Майоров А. Ю., Шестакова М. В. Сахарный диабет 2 типа и метаболический синдром: молекулярные механизмы, ключевые сигнальные пути и определение биомишеней для новых лекарственных средств. Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(5):364-375. doi: 10.14341/DM9730.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egorova I. E., Bahtairova V. I., Suslova A. I. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Innovative technologies in pharmacy. Irkutsk. 2018;5:69-72. (In Russ.)@@ Егорова И. Э., Бахтаирова В. И., Суслова А. И. Роль воспаления в патогенезе инсулинорезистентности. Инновационный технологии в фармации. Иркутск. 2018;5:69-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorova I. E., Bahtairova V. I., Suslova A. I. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Innovative technologies in pharmacy. Irkutsk. 2018;5:69-72. (In Russ.)@@ Егорова И. Э., Бахтаирова В. И., Суслова А. И. Роль воспаления в патогенезе инсулинорезистентности. Инновационный технологии в фармации. Иркутск. 2018;5:69-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spalding K. L., Arner E., Westermark P. O. et al. Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature. 2008; 453(7196):783-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spalding K. L., Arner E., Westermark P. O. et al. Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature. 2008; 453(7196):783-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Zijl N. J., Goossens G. H., Moors C. C., van Raalte D. H., Muskiet M. H., Pouwels P. J., Blaak E. E., Diamant M. Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas, liver, and abdominal fat depots: impact on β-cell function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):459-67. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Zijl N. J., Goossens G. H., Moors C. C., van Raalte D. H., Muskiet M. H., Pouwels P. J., Blaak E. E., Diamant M. Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas, liver, and abdominal fat depots: impact on β-cell function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):459-67. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azimova M. O., Blinova N. V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Chazova I. E. Obesity as a predictor for cardiovascular disease development: role of localized fat depot. Systemic Hypertension. 2018; 15 (3):39-43. doi: 10.26442/2075-082X_2018.3.39-43.@@ Азимова М. О., Блинова Н. В., Жернакова Ю. В., Чазова И. Е. Ожирение как предиктор сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: роль локальных жировых депо. Системные гипертензии. 2018; 15 (3): 39-43. doi: 10.26442/2075-082X_2018.3.39-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azimova M. O., Blinova N. V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Chazova I. E. Obesity as a predictor for cardiovascular disease development: role of localized fat depot. Systemic Hypertension. 2018; 15 (3):39-43. doi: 10.26442/2075-082X_2018.3.39-43.@@ Азимова М. О., Блинова Н. В., Жернакова Ю. В., Чазова И. Е. Ожирение как предиктор сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: роль локальных жировых депо. Системные гипертензии. 2018; 15 (3): 39-43. doi: 10.26442/2075-082X_2018.3.39-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juge-Aubry C. E., Henrichot E., Meier C. A. Adipose tissue: a regulator of inflammation. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 2005;19(4):547-566. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juge-Aubry C. E., Henrichot E., Meier C. A. Adipose tissue: a regulator of inflammation. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 2005;19(4):547-566. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iacobellis G., Willens H. J., Barbaro G., Sharma A. M. Threshold Values of High-risk Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness. Obesity. 2008;16(4):887-892. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iacobellis G., Willens H. J., Barbaro G., Sharma A. M. Threshold Values of High-risk Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness. Obesity. 2008;16(4):887-892. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirata Y., Tabata M., Kurobe H. et al. Coronary atherosclerosis is associated with macrophage polarization in epicardial adipose tissue. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58: 248-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirata Y., Tabata M., Kurobe H. et al. Coronary atherosclerosis is associated with macrophage polarization in epicardial adipose tissue. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58: 248-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silaghi A., Achard V., Paulmyer-Lacroix O. et al. Expression of adrenomedullin in human epicardial adipose tissue: role of coronary status. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;293(5): E1443-E1450. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00273.2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silaghi A., Achard V., Paulmyer-Lacroix O. et al. Expression of adrenomedullin in human epicardial adipose tissue: role of coronary status. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;293(5): E1443-E1450. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00273.2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drapkina O. M., Shepel R. N., Deeva T. A. The thickness of the epicardial fat is the “visit card” of metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolism. 2018;15(2):29-34. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/OMET9295.@@ Драпкина О. М., Шепель Р. Н., Деева Т. А. Толщина эпикардиального жира - «визитная карточка» метаболического синдрома. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2018;15(2):29-34. doi: 10.14341/OMET9295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O. M., Shepel R. N., Deeva T. A. The thickness of the epicardial fat is the “visit card” of metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolism. 2018;15(2):29-34. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/OMET9295.@@ Драпкина О. М., Шепель Р. Н., Деева Т. А. Толщина эпикардиального жира - «визитная карточка» метаболического синдрома. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2018;15(2):29-34. doi: 10.14341/OMET9295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blinova N. V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Azimova M. O. et al. Epicardial fat: a new cardiometabolic risk marker, a new therapeutic goal in obese patients. Systemic Hypertension. 2018;15(4):66-69. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/2075082X.2018.4.180111.@@ Блинова Н. В., Жернакова Ю. В., Азимова М. О. и др. Эпикардиальный жир: новый маркер кардиометаболического риска - новая терапевтическая цель у пациентов с ожирением. Системные гипертензии. 2018;15(4):66-69. doi: 10.26442/2075082X.2018.4.180111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blinova N. V., Zhernakova Yu.V., Azimova M. O. et al. Epicardial fat: a new cardiometabolic risk marker, a new therapeutic goal in obese patients. Systemic Hypertension. 2018;15(4):66-69. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26442/2075082X.2018.4.180111.@@ Блинова Н. В., Жернакова Ю. В., Азимова М. О. и др. Эпикардиальный жир: новый маркер кардиометаболического риска - новая терапевтическая цель у пациентов с ожирением. Системные гипертензии. 2018;15(4):66-69. doi: 10.26442/2075082X.2018.4.180111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovalyova Yu V. Adipose tissue hormones and their role for female fertility and metabolic disorders. Arterial’naya Gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2015;21(4):356-370. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-4-356-370.@@ Ковалева Ю. В. Гормоны жировой ткани и их роль в формировании гормонального статуса и патогенезе метаболических нарушений у женщин. Артериальная гипертензия. 2015;21(4):356-370. doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-4-356-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalyova Yu V. Adipose tissue hormones and their role for female fertility and metabolic disorders. Arterial’naya Gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2015;21(4):356-370. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-4-356-370.@@ Ковалева Ю. В. Гормоны жировой ткани и их роль в формировании гормонального статуса и патогенезе метаболических нарушений у женщин. Артериальная гипертензия. 2015;21(4):356-370. doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-4-356-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesic J., Ljujic B., Rosic V. et al. Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 24;12(1):132. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesic J., Ljujic B., Rosic V. et al. Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 24;12(1):132. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myers M. G. Jr, Heymsfield S. B., Haft C. et al. Challenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012 Feb 8;15(2):150-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myers M. G. Jr, Heymsfield S. B., Haft C. et al. Challenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012 Feb 8;15(2):150-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osegbe I., Okpara H., Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med. 2016 Jan-Mar;15(1):14-9. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.158524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osegbe I., Okpara H., Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med. 2016 Jan-Mar;15(1):14-9. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.158524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ott A. V., Chumakova G. A., Veselovskaya N. G. Significance of leptin resistance in the development of various metabolic phenotypes of obesity.Russian journal of cardiology. 2016;(4):4-18. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-14-18.@@ Отт А. В., Чумакова Г. А., Веселовская Н. Г. Значение лептинорезистентности в развитии различных метаболических фенотипов ожирения. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(4):4-18. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-14-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ott A. V., Chumakova G. A., Veselovskaya N. G. Significance of leptin resistance in the development of various metabolic phenotypes of obesity.Russian journal of cardiology. 2016;(4):4-18. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-14-18.@@ Отт А. В., Чумакова Г. А., Веселовская Н. Г. Значение лептинорезистентности в развитии различных метаболических фенотипов ожирения. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(4):4-18. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-14-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maramygin D. S., Sumenkova D. V., Sitnikov R. V. Adipokines in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.International scientific journal “Innovative Science”. 2017;04-3:197-207. (In Russ.)@@ Марамыгин Д. С., Суменкова Д. В., Ситников Р. В. Адипокины в патогенезе метаболического синдрома. Международный научный журнал «Инновационная наука». 2017;04-3:197-207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maramygin D. S., Sumenkova D. V., Sitnikov R. V. Adipokines in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.International scientific journal “Innovative Science”. 2017;04-3:197-207. (In Russ.)@@ Марамыгин Д. С., Суменкова Д. В., Ситников Р. В. Адипокины в патогенезе метаболического синдрома. Международный научный журнал «Инновационная наука». 2017;04-3:197-207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneva A. M., Bojko E. R. Lipid accumulation product or lap as an up-to-date clinical biochemical marker of human obesity. Health Risk Analysis. 2019;2:164-174. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2019.2.18.eng.@@ Канева А. М., Бойко Е. Р. Индекс накопления липидов (lipid accumulation product, LAP) - современный клинико-биохимический маркер ожирения у человека. Анализ риска здоровью. 2019;2:164-174. doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2019.2.18.eng.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneva A. M., Bojko E. R. Lipid accumulation product or lap as an up-to-date clinical biochemical marker of human obesity. Health Risk Analysis. 2019;2:164-174. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2019.2.18.eng.@@ Канева А. М., Бойко Е. Р. Индекс накопления липидов (lipid accumulation product, LAP) - современный клинико-биохимический маркер ожирения у человека. Анализ риска здоровью. 2019;2:164-174. doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2019.2.18.eng.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazidi M., Kengne A. P., Katsiki N., Mikhailidis D. P., Banach M. Lipid accumulation product and triglycerides/glucose index are useful predictors of insulin resistance. J. Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(3):266-270. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazidi M., Kengne A. P., Katsiki N., Mikhailidis D. P., Banach M. Lipid accumulation product and triglycerides/glucose index are useful predictors of insulin resistance. J. Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(3):266-270. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyrou I., Panagiotakos D. B., Kouli G. M., Georgousopoulou E., Chrysohoou C., Tsigos C. et al. Lipid accumulation product in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence in Caucasian adults: The ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis. 2018;279:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyrou I., Panagiotakos D. B., Kouli G. M., Georgousopoulou E., Chrysohoou C., Tsigos C. et al. Lipid accumulation product in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence in Caucasian adults: The ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis. 2018;279:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazidi M., Gao H., Kengne A. P. Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index are associated with dietary patterns in adult Americans. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(19): e0322. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010322 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazidi M., Gao H., Kengne A. P. Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index are associated with dietary patterns in adult Americans. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(19): e0322. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010322 45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang R-F., Zhang H., Wang Z., Liu X-Y., Lin Z. A study on the relationship between waist phenotype, hypertriglyceridemia, coronary artery lesions and serum free fatty acids in adult and elderly patients with coronary diseases. Immun Ageing. 2018;15(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12979-018-0119-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang R-F., Zhang H., Wang Z., Liu X-Y., Lin Z. A study on the relationship between waist phenotype, hypertriglyceridemia, coronary artery lesions and serum free fatty acids in adult and elderly patients with coronary diseases. Immun Ageing. 2018;15(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12979-018-0119-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shlyakhto E. V., Nedogoda S. V., Konradi A. O., Baranova E. I., Fomin V. V., Vertkin A. L., Chumakova G. A. THE CONCEPT OF NOVEL NATIONAL CLINICAL GUIDELINES ON OBESITY.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;(4):7-13. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-7-13.@@ Шляхто Е. В., Недогода С. В., Конради А. О., Баранова Е. И., Фомин В. В., Верткин А. Л., Чумакова Г. А. КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НОВЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИЙ ПО ОЖИРЕНИЮ. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(4):7-13. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-7-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyakhto E. V., Nedogoda S. V., Konradi A. O., Baranova E. I., Fomin V. V., Vertkin A. L., Chumakova G. A. THE CONCEPT OF NOVEL NATIONAL CLINICAL GUIDELINES ON OBESITY.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;(4):7-13. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-7-13.@@ Шляхто Е. В., Недогода С. В., Конради А. О., Баранова Е. И., Фомин В. В., Верткин А. Л., Чумакова Г. А. КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НОВЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИЙ ПО ОЖИРЕНИЮ. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(4):7-13. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lwow F., Jedrzejuk D., Milewicz A., Szmigiero L. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) as a criterion for the identification of the healthy obesity phenotype in postmenopausal women. Exp. Gerontol. 2016;82:81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lwow F., Jedrzejuk D., Milewicz A., Szmigiero L. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) as a criterion for the identification of the healthy obesity phenotype in postmenopausal women. Exp. Gerontol. 2016;82:81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du T., Yu X., Zhang J., Sun X. Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index are effective markers for identifying the metabolically obese normal-weight phenotype. Acta. Diabetol. 2015;52(5):855-863. doi: 10.1007/s00592-015-0715-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du T., Yu X., Zhang J., Sun X. Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index are effective markers for identifying the metabolically obese normal-weight phenotype. Acta. Diabetol. 2015;52(5):855-863. doi: 10.1007/s00592-015-0715-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruyatkina L. A., Ruyatkin D. S., Iskhakova I. S. Opportunities and options for surrogate assessment of insulin resistance. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(1):27-32. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet10082.@@ Руяткина Л. А., Руяткин Д. С., Исхакова И. С. Возможности и варианты суррогатной оценки инсулинорезистентности. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019;16(1):27-32. doi: 10.14341/omet10082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruyatkina L. A., Ruyatkin D. S., Iskhakova I. S. Opportunities and options for surrogate assessment of insulin resistance. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(1):27-32. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet10082.@@ Руяткина Л. А., Руяткин Д. С., Исхакова И. С. Возможности и варианты суррогатной оценки инсулинорезистентности. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019;16(1):27-32. doi: 10.14341/omet10082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams L. A., Lymp J. F., St Sauver J., Sanderson S. O., Lindor K. D., Feldstein A., Angulo P. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jul;129(1):113-21. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams L. A., Lymp J. F., St Sauver J., Sanderson S. O., Lindor K. D., Feldstein A., Angulo P. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jul;129(1):113-21. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 18;346(16):1221-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 18;346(16):1221-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011775.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chesnokova L. V., Petrov I. M., Troshina I. A. et al. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines depending on the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty disease. Clinical medicine. 2013;12:30-34. (in Russ)@@ Чеснокова Л. В., Петров И. М., Трошина И. А. и др. Содержание провоспалительных цитокинов в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени у больных с метаболическим синдромом и неалкогольной жировой болезнью. Клиническая медицина. 2013;12:30-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chesnokova L. V., Petrov I. M., Troshina I. A. et al. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines depending on the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty disease. Clinical medicine. 2013;12:30-34. (in Russ)@@ Чеснокова Л. В., Петров И. М., Трошина И. А. и др. Содержание провоспалительных цитокинов в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени у больных с метаболическим синдромом и неалкогольной жировой болезнью. Клиническая медицина. 2013;12:30-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pashentseva A. V., Verbovoy A. F., Sharonova L. A. Insulin resistance in therapeutic clinic. Obesity and metabolism. 2017;14(2):9-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet201729-17.@@ Пашенцева А. В., Вербовой А. Ф., Шаронова Л. А. Инсулинорезистентность в терапевтической клинике. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2017;14(2):9-17. doi: 10.14341/omet201729-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashentseva A. V., Verbovoy A. F., Sharonova L. A. Insulin resistance in therapeutic clinic. Obesity and metabolism. 2017;14(2):9-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet201729-17.@@ Пашенцева А. В., Вербовой А. Ф., Шаронова Л. А. Инсулинорезистентность в терапевтической клинике. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2017;14(2):9-17. doi: 10.14341/omet201729-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolova T. V., Ermolov S.Ju., Beljaeva E. L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a modern view of the problem. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2016;5:26-35. (in Russ)@@ Ермолова Т. В., Ермолов С. Ю., Беляева Е. Л. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: современный взгляд на проблему. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016;5:26-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolova T. V., Ermolov S.Ju., Beljaeva E. L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a modern view of the problem. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2016;5:26-35. (in Russ)@@ Ермолова Т. В., Ермолов С. Ю., Беляева Е. Л. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: современный взгляд на проблему. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016;5:26-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balukova E. V., Baryshnikova N. V., Belousova L. N. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the current state of the problem. Farmateka. 2016;2:63-68. (in Russ)@@ Балукова Е. В., Барышникова Н. В., Белоусова Л. Н. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: современное состояние проблемы. Фарматека. 2016;2:63-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balukova E. V., Baryshnikova N. V., Belousova L. N. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the current state of the problem. Farmateka. 2016;2:63-68. (in Russ)@@ Балукова Е. В., Барышникова Н. В., Белоусова Л. Н. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: современное состояние проблемы. Фарматека. 2016;2:63-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaus O. V., Ahmedov V. A. Pathogenetic features of damage to the organs of the hepatobiliary system in patients with metabolic syndrome. Kazan Medical Journal. 2014;95(1):70-74. (in Russ)@@ Гаус О. В., Ахмедов В. А. Патогенетические особенности поражения органов гепатобилиарной системы у больных метаболическим синдромом. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2014;95(1):70-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaus O. V., Ahmedov V. A. Pathogenetic features of damage to the organs of the hepatobiliary system in patients with metabolic syndrome. Kazan Medical Journal. 2014;95(1):70-74. (in Russ)@@ Гаус О. В., Ахмедов В. А. Патогенетические особенности поражения органов гепатобилиарной системы у больных метаболическим синдромом. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2014;95(1):70-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrov I. M., Medvedeva I. V., Sholomov I. F. et al. Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2020;18(3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2021-18-3-236-242.@@ Петров, И. М., Медведева, И. В., Шоломов, И. Ф., Чеснокова, Л. В., Петрова, Ю. А., Снежицкий, В. А., Колоцей, Л. В. и Гладкевич, А. В. Биомаркеры риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. 2020;18 (3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-3-236-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov I. M., Medvedeva I. V., Sholomov I. F. et al. Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2020;18(3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2021-18-3-236-242.@@ Петров, И. М., Медведева, И. В., Шоломов, И. Ф., Чеснокова, Л. В., Петрова, Ю. А., Снежицкий, В. А., Колоцей, Л. В. и Гладкевич, А. В. Биомаркеры риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. 2020;18 (3):236-242. doi: 10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-3-236-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubert H. B., Feinleib M., McNamara P. T., Castell W. P. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants of the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983; 67: 968-977. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubert H. B., Feinleib M., McNamara P. T., Castell W. P. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants of the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983; 67: 968-977. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mustafayeva A. H. Characteristics of changes in arterial pressure and heart rhythm disturbances in patients with metabolic syndrome. Eurasian heart journal. 2018, February 25;1:36-40. (In Russ.)@@ Мустафаева А. Г. Характеристика изменений артериального давления и нарушений сердечного ритма у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Евразийский кардиологический журнал. 2019, Февраль 25;1:30-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafayeva A. H. Characteristics of changes in arterial pressure and heart rhythm disturbances in patients with metabolic syndrome. Eurasian heart journal. 2018, February 25;1:36-40. (In Russ.)@@ Мустафаева А. Г. Характеристика изменений артериального давления и нарушений сердечного ритма у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Евразийский кардиологический журнал. 2019, Февраль 25;1:30-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DiBona G. F. Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002 Mar;11(2):197-200. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200203000-00011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DiBona G. F. Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002 Mar;11(2):197-200. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200203000-00011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z. V., Scherer P. E. Adiponectin, the past two decades. J Mol Cell Biol. 2016 Apr;8(2):93-100. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z. V., Scherer P. E. Adiponectin, the past two decades. J Mol Cell Biol. 2016 Apr;8(2):93-100. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortega Moreno L., Copetti M., Fontana A., De Bonis C., Salvemini L., Trischitta V., Menzaghi C. Evidence of a causal relationship between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Jan 27;15:17. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0339-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortega Moreno L., Copetti M., Fontana A., De Bonis C., Salvemini L., Trischitta V., Menzaghi C. Evidence of a causal relationship between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Jan 27;15:17. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0339-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vyalkova A. A., Lebedeva E. N., Krasikov S. I., Zorin I. V., Kulagina E. P., Nikolaeva S. N. Clinical and paphogenical aspects of kidney damage in obesity (review). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2014;18(3):24-33. (In Russ.)@@ Вялкова А. А., Лебедева Е. Н., Красиков С. И., Зорин И. В., Кулагина Е.П., Николаева С. Н. Клинико-патогенетические аспекты поражения почек при ожирении (обзор литературы). Нефрология. 2014; 18(3):24-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyalkova A. A., Lebedeva E. N., Krasikov S. I., Zorin I. V., Kulagina E. P., Nikolaeva S. N. Clinical and paphogenical aspects of kidney damage in obesity (review). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2014;18(3):24-33. (In Russ.)@@ Вялкова А. А., Лебедева Е. Н., Красиков С. И., Зорин И. В., Кулагина Е.П., Николаева С. Н. Клинико-патогенетические аспекты поражения почек при ожирении (обзор литературы). Нефрология. 2014; 18(3):24-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shishkova YU.N., Minyajlova N. N., Rovda YU.I., Kazakova L. M. Mechanisms of the kidney damage in case of obesity and metabolic syndrome (review). Mother and child in Kuzbass. 2018;2(73):9-15. (In Russ.)@@ Шишкова Ю. Н., Миняйлова Н. Н., Ровда Ю. И., Казакова Л. М. Механизмы поражения почек при ожирении и метаболическом синдроме (обзор литературы). Мать и дитя в Кузбассе. 2018;2(73):9-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkova YU.N., Minyajlova N. N., Rovda YU.I., Kazakova L. M. Mechanisms of the kidney damage in case of obesity and metabolic syndrome (review). Mother and child in Kuzbass. 2018;2(73):9-15. (In Russ.)@@ Шишкова Ю. Н., Миняйлова Н. Н., Ровда Ю. И., Казакова Л. М. Механизмы поражения почек при ожирении и метаболическом синдроме (обзор литературы). Мать и дитя в Кузбассе. 2018;2(73):9-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindyna M. L., Shishkin A. N. Vascular disorders in obesity: risk factors and clinical features. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13. (In Russ.)@@ Лындина МЛ, Шишкин АН. Сосудистые нарушения при ожирении: факторы риска и клинические особенности. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindyna M. L., Shishkin A. N. Vascular disorders in obesity: risk factors and clinical features. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13. (In Russ.)@@ Лындина МЛ, Шишкин АН. Сосудистые нарушения при ожирении: факторы риска и клинические особенности. Juvenis Scientia. 2018;(2):9-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polozova E. I., Puzanova E. V., Seskina A. A. Peculiarities of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic disorders. Modern problems of science and education. 2019;3:179. (in Russ.)@@ Полозова Э. И., Пузанова Е. В., Сеськина А. А. Особенности артерильной гипертензии у больных с метаболическими нарушениями. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2019;3:179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polozova E. I., Puzanova E. V., Seskina A. A. Peculiarities of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic disorders. Modern problems of science and education. 2019;3:179. (in Russ.)@@ Полозова Э. И., Пузанова Е. В., Сеськина А. А. Особенности артерильной гипертензии у больных с метаболическими нарушениями. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2019;3:179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbarash O. L., Karetnikova V. N., Kochergina A. M., Gruzdeva O. V., Polikutina O. M., Indukaeva E. V., Artamonova G. V. Overweigh and obesity among Kemerovo population: frequency and association with cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiology: News, Opinions, Training. 2016;4:44-49. (In Russ.)@@ Барбараш О. Л., Каретникова В. Н., Кочергина А. М., Груздева О. В., Поликутина О. М., Индукаева Е. В., Артамонова Г. В. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение среди жителей Кемеровской области: распространенность, ассоциация с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016;4:44-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbarash O. L., Karetnikova V. N., Kochergina A. M., Gruzdeva O. V., Polikutina O. M., Indukaeva E. V., Artamonova G. V. Overweigh and obesity among Kemerovo population: frequency and association with cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiology: News, Opinions, Training. 2016;4:44-49. (In Russ.)@@ Барбараш О. Л., Каретникова В. Н., Кочергина А. М., Груздева О. В., Поликутина О. М., Индукаева Е. В., Артамонова Г. В. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение среди жителей Кемеровской области: распространенность, ассоциация с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016;4:44-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ladeiras-Lopes R., Moreira H. T., Bettencourt N. et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired diastolic function independently of MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume: the MESA study. Diabetes. 2018; May,67(5):1007-1012. doi: 10.2337/db17-1496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ladeiras-Lopes R., Moreira H. T., Bettencourt N. et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired diastolic function independently of MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume: the MESA study. Diabetes. 2018; May,67(5):1007-1012. doi: 10.2337/db17-1496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scuteri A., Franco O. H., Majiid A. et al.; MARE Consortium. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome and arterial wall thickness: A mosaic still to be interpreted. Atherosclerosis. 2016 Dec;255:11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scuteri A., Franco O. H., Majiid A. et al.; MARE Consortium. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome and arterial wall thickness: A mosaic still to be interpreted. Atherosclerosis. 2016 Dec;255:11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodrova E. A., Tarasov A. A., Emel’janova A.L. et al. Assessment of the link between pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural and functional disorders of the myocardium in metabolic syndrome. Vestnik VolGM U. 2019;4(72):53.59. (In Russ.)@@ Бодрова Е. А., Тарасов А. А., Емельянова А. Л., Лекарева И. В., Бабаева А. Р. Оценка связи между провоспалительными цитокинами и структурно-функциональными нарушениями миокарда при метаболическом синдром. Вестник ВолГМ У. 2019;4(72):53.59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bodrova E. A., Tarasov A. A., Emel’janova A.L. et al. Assessment of the link between pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural and functional disorders of the myocardium in metabolic syndrome. Vestnik VolGM U. 2019;4(72):53.59. (In Russ.)@@ Бодрова Е. А., Тарасов А. А., Емельянова А. Л., Лекарева И. В., Бабаева А. Р. Оценка связи между провоспалительными цитокинами и структурно-функциональными нарушениями миокарда при метаболическом синдром. Вестник ВолГМ У. 2019;4(72):53.59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
