<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-88-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2551</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЖИРЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBESITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Масляная кислота и её перспективы в управлении ожирением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Butyric acid and its perspectives in control of obesity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-5924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anna_kochina_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-9992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И Пирогова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Теплова А.С., Демидова Т.Ю., Короткова Т.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Теплова А.С., Демидова Т.Ю., Короткова Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Teplova A.S., Demidova T.Y., Korotkova T.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2551">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2551</self-uri><abstract><p>Масляная кислота (МК, бутират) представляет собой короткоцепочечную жирную кислоту (КЦЖК) - метаболит кишечной микробиоты (КМ) человека. Данная КЦЖК представлена в большем количестве относительно других КЦЖК и синтезируется бутират-продуцирующими представителями КМ посредством различных путей. Субстратом для синтеза МК являются некоторые продукты питания, преимущественно крахмал и в меньшей степени молочные продукты. На синтез МК прямо или опосредованно влияют различные факторы, среди которых особенности питания, антибактериальная терапия, а также пагубные привычки (курение, злоупотребление алкоголем). Многочисленные данные подтверждают важную роль МК в различных метаболических процессах. Особую актуальность в качестве одного из потенциальных механизмов управления углеводным обменом и массой тела эффекты МК имеют в эндокринологии. Учитывая большое количество данных о корреляции повышения уровня МК с положительной динамикой метаболических параметров, а также о наличии широкого спектра плейотропных эффектов МК, интересным представляется изучение способов управления метаболизмом КМ и в частности продукцией МК. В данный момент не вызывает сомнений такой способ, как модификация питания и использование пищевых волокон, активно обсуждается трансплантация фекальной микробиоты и использование методов генной инженерии для улучшения бутират-продуцирующих свой-ств бактерий. Тем не менее, отсутствуют однозначные рекомендации в отношении наиболее эффективного способа управления уровнем МК в качестве элемента лечения и профилактики ожирения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Butyric acid (BA, butyrate) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) - a metabolite of the human gut microbiota (GM). This SCFA is represented in a larger amount relative to other SCFAs and is synthesized by butyrate-producing representatives of GM via various pathways. The substrate for the synthesis of BA is some food products, mainly starch and to a lesser extent dairy products. The synthesis of BA is directly or indirectly influenced by various factors, including dietary habits, antibacterial therapy, as well as harmful habits (smoking, alcohol abuse). Numerous data confirm the important role of BA in various metabolic processes. The effects of BA are of particular relevance in endocrinology as one of the potential mechanisms for controlling carbohydrate metabolism and body weight. Given the large amount of data on the correlation of an increase in the level of BA with the positive dynamics of metabolic parameters, as well as the presence of a wide range of pleiotropic effects of BA, it is interesting to study ways to control the metabolism of GM and, in particular, the production of BA. At the moment, there is no doubt about such method as the modification of nutrition. The use of dietary fiber, transplantation of fecal microbiota and the use of genetic engineering methods to improve the butyrate-producing properties of bacteria are actively discussed. Nevertheless, there are no unambiguous recommendations regarding the most effective way to manage the level of BA as an element of the treatment and prevention of obesity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>масляная кислота</kwd><kwd>бутират</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>углеводный обмен</kwd><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>butyric acid</kwd><kwd>butyrate</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>carbohydrate metabolism</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>short-chain fatty acids</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppola S., Avagliano C., Calignano A., Berni Canani R. The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Molecules. 2021;26(3):682. Published. 2021 Jan 28. doi:10.3390/molecules26030682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppola S., Avagliano C., Calignano A., Berni Canani R. The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Molecules. 2021;26(3):682. Published. 2021 Jan 28. doi:10.3390/molecules26030682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miklisanskaya S. V., Mazur N. A., Solomasova L. V., Chigineva V. V. The «obesity paradox» and its degree of proof. Therapeutic Archive. 2020;92(4):84-90. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.000421.@@ Миклишанская С. В., Мазур Н. А., Соломасова Л. В., Чигинева В. В. «Парадокс ожирения» и степень его доказанности. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(4):84-90. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.00042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miklisanskaya S. V., Mazur N. A., Solomasova L. V., Chigineva V. V. The «obesity paradox» and its degree of proof. Therapeutic Archive. 2020;92(4):84-90. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.000421.@@ Миклишанская С. В., Мазур Н. А., Соломасова Л. В., Чигинева В. В. «Парадокс ожирения» и степень его доказанности. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(4):84-90. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.00042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duflou J., Virmani R., Rabin I., Burke A. et al. Sudden death as a result of heart disease in morbid obesity. Am Heart J. 1995;130(2):306-13. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90445-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duflou J., Virmani R., Rabin I., Burke A. et al. Sudden death as a result of heart disease in morbid obesity. Am Heart J. 1995;130(2):306-13. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90445-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandao I., Martins M. J., Monteiro R. Metabolically Healthy Obesity-Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors. Metabolites. 2020;10(2):48. doi: 10.3390/metabo10020048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandao I., Martins M. J., Monteiro R. Metabolically Healthy Obesity-Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors. Metabolites. 2020;10(2):48. doi: 10.3390/metabo10020048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross R., Neeland I., Yamashita S., Shai I. et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(3):177-189. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross R., Neeland I., Yamashita S., Shai I. et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(3):177-189. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arumugam M., Raes J., Pelletier E., Le Paslier D. et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011;473(7346):174-80. doi: 10.1038/nature09944.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arumugam M., Raes J., Pelletier E., Le Paslier D. et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011;473(7346):174-80. doi: 10.1038/nature09944.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drapkina O. M., Korneeva O. N. Gut microbiota and obesity: Pathogenetic relationships and ways to normalize the intestinal microflora. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2016;88(9):135-142. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016889135-142.@@ Драпкина О. М., Корнеева О. Н. Кишечная микробиота и ожирение. Патогенетические взаимосвязи и пути нормализации кишечной микрофлоры. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(9):135-142. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016889135-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O. M., Korneeva O. N. Gut microbiota and obesity: Pathogenetic relationships and ways to normalize the intestinal microflora. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2016;88(9):135-142. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016889135-142.@@ Драпкина О. М., Корнеева О. Н. Кишечная микробиота и ожирение. Патогенетические взаимосвязи и пути нормализации кишечной микрофлоры. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(9):135-142. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016889135-142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitkin S. I., Vakhitov T.Ya., Demyanova E. V. Microbiome, gut dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease: That moment when the function is more important than taxonomy. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(5):396-425.doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5-396-425. @@ Ситкин С. И., Вахитов Т. Я., Демьянова Е. В. Микробиом, дисбиоз толстой кишки и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: когда функция важнее таксономии. Альманах клинической медицины. 2018;46(5):396-425. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5-396-425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitkin S. I., Vakhitov T.Ya., Demyanova E. V. Microbiome, gut dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease: That moment when the function is more important than taxonomy. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(5):396-425.doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5-396-425. @@ Ситкин С. И., Вахитов Т. Я., Демьянова Е. В. Микробиом, дисбиоз толстой кишки и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: когда функция важнее таксономии. Альманах клинической медицины. 2018;46(5):396-425. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5-396-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beloglazov V. A., Yatskov I. A., Kumelsky E. D., Polovinkina V. V. Metabolic endotoxemia: possible causes and consequences. Obesity and metabolism. 2021;18(3):320-326. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet12750.@@ Белоглазов В. А., Яцков И. А., Кумельский Е. Д., Половинкина В. В. Метаболическая эндотоксинемия: возможные причины и последствия. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2021;18(3):320-326. doi: 10.14341/omet12750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beloglazov V. A., Yatskov I. A., Kumelsky E. D., Polovinkina V. V. Metabolic endotoxemia: possible causes and consequences. Obesity and metabolism. 2021;18(3):320-326. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/omet12750.@@ Белоглазов В. А., Яцков И. А., Кумельский Е. Д., Половинкина В. В. Метаболическая эндотоксинемия: возможные причины и последствия. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2021;18(3):320-326. doi: 10.14341/omet12750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erejuwa O., Sulaiman S., Wahab M. Modulation of gut microbiota in the management of metabolic disorders: the prospects and challenges.Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:4158-4188. doi:10.3390/ijms15034158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erejuwa O., Sulaiman S., Wahab M. Modulation of gut microbiota in the management of metabolic disorders: the prospects and challenges.Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:4158-4188. doi:10.3390/ijms15034158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaak E., Canfora E., Theis S., Frost G. et al. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. Benef. Microbes. 2020;11:411-455. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaak E., Canfora E., Theis S., Frost G. et al. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. Benef. Microbes. 2020;11:411-455. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bojarczuk A., Skąpska S., Khaneghah A., Marszalek C. Health benefits of resistant starch: A review of the literature. Journal of Functional Foods. 2022:93. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bojarczuk A., Skąpska S., Khaneghah A., Marszalek C. Health benefits of resistant starch: A review of the literature. Journal of Functional Foods. 2022:93. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sajilata M., Singhal R., Kulkarni P. Resistant Starch-A Review.Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2017;5:1-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sajilata M., Singhal R., Kulkarni P. Resistant Starch-A Review.Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2017;5:1-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louis P., Flint H. Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota. Environ. Microbiol. 2017;19:29-41. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louis P., Flint H. Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota. Environ. Microbiol. 2017;19:29-41. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louis P., Flint H. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2009;294:1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01514.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louis P., Flint H. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2009;294:1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01514.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennett G., Rudolph F. The central metabolic pathway from acetyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA in Clostridium acetobutylicum. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1995;17:241-249. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00208.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennett G., Rudolph F. The central metabolic pathway from acetyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA in Clostridium acetobutylicum. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1995;17:241-249. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00208.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerhardt A., Cinkaya I., Linder D., Huisman G. et al. Fermentation of 4-aminobutyrate by Clostridium aminobutyricum: cloning of two genes involved in the formation and dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Arch. Microbiol. 2000;174:189-199. doi: 10.1007/s002030000195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerhardt A., Cinkaya I., Linder D., Huisman G. et al. Fermentation of 4-aminobutyrate by Clostridium aminobutyricum: cloning of two genes involved in the formation and dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Arch. Microbiol. 2000;174:189-199. doi: 10.1007/s002030000195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vital M., Howe A., Tiedje J. Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data. mBio. 2014;5(2): e00889. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00889-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vital M., Howe A., Tiedje J. Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data. mBio. 2014;5(2): e00889. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00889-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrmann G., Jayamani E., Mai G., Buckel W. Energy conservation via electron-transferring flavoprotein in anaerobic bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 2008;190:784-791. doi: 10.1128/JB.01422-07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrmann G., Jayamani E., Mai G., Buckel W. Energy conservation via electron-transferring flavoprotein in anaerobic bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 2008;190:784-791. doi: 10.1128/JB.01422-07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louis P., Flint H. Development of a semiquantitative degenerate real-time PCR-based assay for estimation of numbers of butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) CoA transferase genes in complex bacterial samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007;73:2009-2012. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02561-06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louis P., Flint H. Development of a semiquantitative degenerate real-time PCR-based assay for estimation of numbers of butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) CoA transferase genes in complex bacterial samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007;73:2009-2012. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02561-06.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vital M., Penton C., Wang Q., Young V. et al. A gene-targeted approach to investigate the intestinal butyrate-producing bacterial community. Microbiome 2013;1:8. doi: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vital M., Penton C., Wang Q., Young V. et al. A gene-targeted approach to investigate the intestinal butyrate-producing bacterial community. Microbiome 2013;1:8. doi: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Counillon L., Bouret Y., Marchiq I., Pouyssegur J. Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE1) and lactate/H+ symporters (MCTs) in pH homeostasis and cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016;1863:2465-80 doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Counillon L., Bouret Y., Marchiq I., Pouyssegur J. Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE1) and lactate/H+ symporters (MCTs) in pH homeostasis and cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016;1863:2465-80 doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atzeni A., Bastiaanssen T., Cryan J., Tinahones F. et al. Taxonomic and Functional Fecal Microbiota Signatures Associated With Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Subjects With Overweight/Obesity Within the Frame of the PREDIMED-Plus Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:804455. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.804455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atzeni A., Bastiaanssen T., Cryan J., Tinahones F. et al. Taxonomic and Functional Fecal Microbiota Signatures Associated With Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Subjects With Overweight/Obesity Within the Frame of the PREDIMED-Plus Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:804455. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.804455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang W., Xue H., Chen X., Chen K. et al. Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate Modulates the Composition of the Gut Microbiota and Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. J Nutr. 2019;149(5):747-754. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang W., Xue H., Chen X., Chen K. et al. Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate Modulates the Composition of the Gut Microbiota and Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. J Nutr. 2019;149(5):747-754. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Million M., Lagier J., Yahav D., Paul M. Gut bacterial microbiota and obesity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:305-13. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Million M., Lagier J., Yahav D., Paul M. Gut bacterial microbiota and obesity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:305-13. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Den Besten G., Bleeker A., Gerding A., van Eunen K. et al. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via a PPARγ-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation. Diabetes. 2015;64 (7): 2398-2408. doi: 10.2337/db14-1213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Den Besten G., Bleeker A., Gerding A., van Eunen K. et al. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via a PPARγ-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation. Diabetes. 2015;64 (7): 2398-2408. doi: 10.2337/db14-1213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav H., Lee J., Lloyd J., Walter P. et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:25088-97 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.452516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav H., Lee J., Lloyd J., Walter P. et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:25088-97 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.452516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larraufie P., Dore J., Lapaque N., Blottiere H. TLR ligands and butyrate increase Pyy expression through two distinct but inter-regulated pathways. Cell Microbiol 2017;19: e12648. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larraufie P., Dore J., Lapaque N., Blottiere H. TLR ligands and butyrate increase Pyy expression through two distinct but inter-regulated pathways. Cell Microbiol 2017;19: e12648. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson Z., Dawson A., Slominski A., Harris M. Current Insights Into the Role of Neuropeptide Y in Skin Physiology and Pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:838434. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson Z., Dawson A., Slominski A., Harris M. Current Insights Into the Role of Neuropeptide Y in Skin Physiology and Pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:838434. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai L., Gao M., Cheng X., Kang G. et al. Huang H. Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Microb Cell Fact. 2020;19(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01350-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai L., Gao M., Cheng X., Kang G. et al. Huang H. Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Microb Cell Fact. 2020;19(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01350-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z., Yi C., Katiraei S., Kooijman S. et al. Butyrate reduces appetite and activates brown adipose tissue via the gut-brain neural circuit. Gut. 2018;67(7):1269-1279. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z., Yi C., Katiraei S., Kooijman S. et al. Butyrate reduces appetite and activates brown adipose tissue via the gut-brain neural circuit. Gut. 2018;67(7):1269-1279. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasaly N., Hermoso M. A., Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3061. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasaly N., Hermoso M. A., Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3061. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warburg O. On the Origin of Cancer Cells. Science. 1956;123:309-314. doi: 10.1126/science.123.3191.309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warburg O. On the Origin of Cancer Cells. Science. 1956;123:309-314. doi: 10.1126/science.123.3191.309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao J., Zhu Y., Du M., Wang Y. et al. Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Results from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Cohort Study and a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(15):3801. doi: 10.3390/cancers14153801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao J., Zhu Y., Du M., Wang Y. et al. Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Results from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Cohort Study and a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(15):3801. doi: 10.3390/cancers14153801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Couto M., Goncalves P., Magro F., Martel F. Microbiota-derived butyrate regulates intestinal inflammation: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020;159:104947. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Couto M., Goncalves P., Magro F., Martel F. Microbiota-derived butyrate regulates intestinal inflammation: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020;159:104947. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szentirmai E., Millican N. S., Massie A. R., Kapas L. Butyrate, a metabolite of intestinal bacteria, enhances sleep. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43502-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szentirmai E., Millican N. S., Massie A. R., Kapas L. Butyrate, a metabolite of intestinal bacteria, enhances sleep. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43502-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perrine S. P., Ginder G. D., Faller D. V. et al. A short-term trial of butyrate to stimulate fetal-globin-gene expression in the b-globin disorders. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:81-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199301143280202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perrine S. P., Ginder G. D., Faller D. V. et al. A short-term trial of butyrate to stimulate fetal-globin-gene expression in the b-globin disorders. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:81-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199301143280202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faller D. V., Perrine S. P. Butyrate in the treatment of sick-le cell disease and β-thalassemia. Current Opinion in Hematology. 1995;2(2),109-117. doi: 10.1097/00062752-199502020-00002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faller D. V., Perrine S. P. Butyrate in the treatment of sick-le cell disease and β-thalassemia. Current Opinion in Hematology. 1995;2(2),109-117. doi: 10.1097/00062752-199502020-00002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun M., Zhu Y., Zhou Z., Jia X. et al. Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway. Brain Behav. Immun. 2018;70:48-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun M., Zhu Y., Zhou Z., Jia X. et al. Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway. Brain Behav. Immun. 2018;70:48-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Z., Cui B., Zhang T., Li P. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation cured epilepsy in a case with Crohn’s disease: The first report. WJG. 2017(23)3565. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Z., Cui B., Zhang T., Li P. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation cured epilepsy in a case with Crohn’s disease: The first report. WJG. 2017(23)3565. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob V., Crawford C., Cohen-Mekelburg S., Viladomiu M. et al. Single Delivery of HighDiversity Fecal Microbiota Preparation by Colonoscopy Is Safe and Effective in Increasing Microbial Diversity in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(6):903-911. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob V., Crawford C., Cohen-Mekelburg S., Viladomiu M. et al. Single Delivery of HighDiversity Fecal Microbiota Preparation by Colonoscopy Is Safe and Effective in Increasing Microbial Diversity in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(6):903-911. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wardill H. R., Secombe K. R., Bryant R. V., Hazenberg M. D. et al. Adjunctive fecal microbiota transplantation in supportive oncology: Emerging indications and considerations in immunocompromised patients. EBioMedicine. 2019;44:730-740. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wardill H. R., Secombe K. R., Bryant R. V., Hazenberg M. D. et al. Adjunctive fecal microbiota transplantation in supportive oncology: Emerging indications and considerations in immunocompromised patients. EBioMedicine. 2019;44:730-740. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang P., Deng X., Zhang C., Yuan H. Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(7):808-816. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang P., Deng X., Zhang C., Yuan H. Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(7):808-816. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antushevich H. Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;503:90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antushevich H. Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;503:90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suo Y., Ren M., Yang X., Liao Z. et al. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production with high butyrate/acetate ratio. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(10):4511-4522. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-8954-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suo Y., Ren M., Yang X., Liao Z. et al. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production with high butyrate/acetate ratio. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(10):4511-4522. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-8954-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
