<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-213-5-34-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2485</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многолетние результаты лечения ахалазии кардии методом комбинированной баллонной дилатации. Роль манометрии высокого разрешения в диагностике ахалазии. Эндоскопические и манометрические параллели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term results of treatment of achalasia cardia by combined balloon dilation. The role of high-resolution manometry in the diagnosis of achalasia. Endoscopic and manometric parallels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булганина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulganina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kuzma73@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-788X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годжелло</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Godzhello</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9906-5255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрусталева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrustaleva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Булганина Н.А., Годжелло Э.А., Хрусталева М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Булганина Н.А., Годжелло Э.А., Хрусталева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulganina N.A., Godzhello E.A., Khrustaleva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2485">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2485</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: Анализ результатов лечения ахалазии кардии методом баллонной дилатации с акцентом на гидродилатацию, сопоставление типов ахалазии кардии по данным манометрии высокого разрешения с эндоскопической семиотикой и оценка эффективности эндоскопической баллонной дилатации в зависимости от типа ахалазии. Материалы и методы. В статье детально освещен дополнительный метод эндоскопической баллонной дилатации кардии - гидродилатация (42 пациента). Проанализированы результаты эндоскопической баллонной дилатации по данным манометрии высокого разрешения (37 пациентов). Также оценены данные манометрии высокого разрешения в корреляции с эндоскопическими критериями эффективности (11 пациентов). Результаты. Гидродилатация применяется как дополнительный метод после пневмодилатации для повышения эффективности (39 пациентов) или как самостоятельный метод (3 пациента) при сочетании ахалазии кардии и рубцовых изменений пищеводно-желудочного перехода, а также после перенесенных операций на кардии. Комбинированная методика баллонной дилатации дает хорошие непосредственные результаты в 89,7% (35/39), как самостоятельный метод - 100%. Из общего числа больных у 90,5% (38/42) курс эндоскопической дилатации закончен с хорошим эффектом при том, что это более сложная группа пациентов, устойчивая к стандартному вмешательству, - баллонной пневмодилатации. Неизвестно, на какие данные манометрии высокого разрешения нужно ориентироваться при оценке эффективности баллонной дилатации: по давлению покоя нижнего пищеводного сфинктера эффективность дилатации 75%, по суммарному давлению расслабления - 83,3%, при совокупном анализе, строго придерживаясь референсных значений, - 66,7%, а по тенденции к понижению давления - 100%. Заключение: эндоскопическая баллонная дилатация - высокоэффективный малоинвазивный метод лечения ахалазии кардии. Для улучшения результатов используется гидродилатация. Для объективной оценки эффективности баллонной дилатации манометрию высокого разрешения следует выполнять до и после лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim. To analyze the results of treatment of achalasia cardia by balloon dilatation with an accent on hydrodilatation, to compare the types of achalasia cardia according to high-resolution manometry with endoscopic semiotics and to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilatation depending on the type of achalasia. Materials and methods. The article details an additional method of endoscopic balloon dilatation of the cardia - hydrodilatation (42 patients). The results of endoscopic balloon dilatation were analyzed according to high-resolution manometry data (37 patients). High-resolution manometry data were also evaluated in correlation with endoscopic efficacy criteria (11 patients). Results. Hydrodilatation is used as an additional method after pneumodilatation to increase efficiency of treatment (39 patients) or as an independent method (3 patients) with a combination of achalasia cardia and cicatricial changes of the esophageal-gastric junction, as well as after surgery on the cardia. The combined balloon dilatation technique gives good immediate results in 89.7% (35/39), as an independent method - 100%. Of the total number of patients, 90.5% (38/42) completed the course of endoscopic dilatation with good results, despite the fact that this is a more complex group of patients resistant to standard intervention - balloon pneumodilatation. It is not known which high-resolution manometry data should be used to assess the effectiveness of balloon dilatation: the dilatation efficiency is 75% according to the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, 83.3% according to the total relaxation pressure, 66.7% according to the cumulative analysis, strictly adhering to the reference values, and 100% according to the tendency to lower pressure. Conclusion. Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a highly effective minimally invasive method of treating achalasia cardia. Hydrodilatation is used to improve the results of endoscopic treatment. For an objective assessment of the effectiveness of balloon dilatation, high-resolution manometry should be performed before and after treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахалазия кардии</kwd><kwd>эндоскопическая баллонная дилатация кардии</kwd><kwd>пневмодилатация</kwd><kwd>гидродилатация</kwd><kwd>манометрия высокого разрешения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>achalasia cardia</kwd><kwd>endoscopic balloon dilatation of the cardia</kwd><kwd>pneumodilatation</kwd><kwd>hydrodilatation</kwd><kwd>high-resolution manometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller M., Keck C., Eckardt A. J. et al. Outcomes of pneumatic dilation in achalasia: Extended follow-up of more than 25 years with a focus on manometric subtypes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May; 33(5): 1067-1074. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller M., Keck C., Eckardt A. J. et al. Outcomes of pneumatic dilation in achalasia: Extended follow-up of more than 25 years with a focus on manometric subtypes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May; 33(5): 1067-1074. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fazlollahi N., Anushiravani A., Rahmati M. et al. Safety and Efficacy of Graded Gradual Pneumatic Balloon Dilation in Idiopathic Achalasia Patients: A 24-Year Single-Center Experience. Arch Iran Med. 2021 Dec 1; 24(12): 862-868. doi: 10.34172/aim.2021.129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fazlollahi N., Anushiravani A., Rahmati M. et al. Safety and Efficacy of Graded Gradual Pneumatic Balloon Dilation in Idiopathic Achalasia Patients: A 24-Year Single-Center Experience. Arch Iran Med. 2021 Dec 1; 24(12): 862-868. doi: 10.34172/aim.2021.129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandolfino J.E., Gawron A. J. Achalasia: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015; 313(18): 1841-1852. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandolfino J.E., Gawron A. J. Achalasia: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015; 313(18): 1841-1852. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaezi M.F., Pandolfino J. E., Yadlapati R. H. et al. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020; 115: 1393-1411. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaezi M.F., Pandolfino J. E., Yadlapati R. H. et al. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020; 115: 1393-1411. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azer S.A., Kshirsagar R. K. Dysphagia. 2022 Jun 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. PMID: 32644600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azer S.A., Kshirsagar R. K. Dysphagia. 2022 Jun 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. PMID: 32644600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Godzhello E.A., Khrustaleva M. V., Bulganina N. A. et al. Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Achalasia in the Era of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM). Thirty years’ experience. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019; (4): 105-110. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-164-4-105-110.@@ Годжелло Э. А., Хрусталева М. В., Булганина Н. А. и соавт. Эндоскопическая баллонная дилатация при ахалазии кардии в эпоху пероральной эндоскопической миотомии (POEM). Тридцатилетний опыт. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019; 164(4): 105-110. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-164-4-105-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godzhello E.A., Khrustaleva M. V., Bulganina N. A. et al. Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Achalasia in the Era of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM). Thirty years’ experience. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019; (4): 105-110. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-164-4-105-110.@@ Годжелло Э. А., Хрусталева М. В., Булганина Н. А. и соавт. Эндоскопическая баллонная дилатация при ахалазии кардии в эпоху пероральной эндоскопической миотомии (POEM). Тридцатилетний опыт. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019; 164(4): 105-110. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-164-4-105-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulganina N.A., Godzhello E. A., Khrustaleva M. V. Endoscopic balloon hydrodilation in the treatment of achalasia of the cardia. Clinical and Experimental Surgery. Petrovsky Journal. 2022; 10 (1): 41-52. (In Russ.) doi: 10.33029/2308-1198-2022-10-1-41-52.@@ Булганина Н. А., Годжелло Э. А., Хрусталева М. В. Эндоскопическая баллонная гидродилатация в лечении ахалазии кардии. Клиническая и экспериментальная хирургия. Журнал имени академика Б. В. Петровского. 2022. Т. 10, № 1. С. 41-52. doi: 10.33029/2308-1198-2022-10-1-41-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulganina N.A., Godzhello E. A., Khrustaleva M. V. Endoscopic balloon hydrodilation in the treatment of achalasia of the cardia. Clinical and Experimental Surgery. Petrovsky Journal. 2022; 10 (1): 41-52. (In Russ.) doi: 10.33029/2308-1198-2022-10-1-41-52.@@ Булганина Н. А., Годжелло Э. А., Хрусталева М. В. Эндоскопическая баллонная гидродилатация в лечении ахалазии кардии. Клиническая и экспериментальная хирургия. Журнал имени академика Б. В. Петровского. 2022. Т. 10, № 1. С. 41-52. doi: 10.33029/2308-1198-2022-10-1-41-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahrilas P.J., Bredenoord A. J., Fox M. et al.International High Resolution Manometry Working Group. The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015; 27(2): 160-174. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahrilas P.J., Bredenoord A. J., Fox M. et al.International High Resolution Manometry Working Group. The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015; 27(2): 160-174. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khrustaleva M.V., Bulganina N. A., Godzhello E. A. et al. Treatment of chronic esophageal-pleural fistula as a result of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave’s syndrome) in patient with achalasia cardia using an endoscopic vacuum therapy. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022; 201(5): 137-141. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-137-141.@@ Хрусталева М. В., Булганина Н. А., Годжелло Э. А. и соавт. Лечение хронического пищеводно-плеврального свища в исходе спонтанного разрыва пищевода (синдром Бурхаве) при ахалазии кардии с помощью эндоскопической вакуумно-аспирационной системы. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022; 201(5): 137-141. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-137-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khrustaleva M.V., Bulganina N. A., Godzhello E. A. et al. Treatment of chronic esophageal-pleural fistula as a result of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave’s syndrome) in patient with achalasia cardia using an endoscopic vacuum therapy. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022; 201(5): 137-141. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-137-141.@@ Хрусталева М. В., Булганина Н. А., Годжелло Э. А. и соавт. Лечение хронического пищеводно-плеврального свища в исходе спонтанного разрыва пищевода (синдром Бурхаве) при ахалазии кардии с помощью эндоскопической вакуумно-аспирационной системы. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022; 201(5): 137-141. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-137-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyawali C.P., Roman S., Bredenoord A. J. et al.International GERD Consensus Working Group. Classification of esophageal motor findings in gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Conclusions from an international consensus group. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017; 29(12). doi: 10.1111/nmo.13104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyawali C.P., Roman S., Bredenoord A. J. et al.International GERD Consensus Working Group. Classification of esophageal motor findings in gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Conclusions from an international consensus group. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017; 29(12). doi: 10.1111/nmo.13104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savarino E., Bredenoord A. J., Fox M. et al.International Working Group for Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Function. Expert consensus document: Advances in the physiological assessment and diagnosis of GERD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 14(11): 665-676. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savarino E., Bredenoord A. J., Fox M. et al.International Working Group for Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Function. Expert consensus document: Advances in the physiological assessment and diagnosis of GERD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 14(11): 665-676. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moonen A., Annese V., Belmans A., et al. Long-term results of the European achalasia trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Gut. 2016 May; 65(5): 732-9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moonen A., Annese V., Belmans A., et al. Long-term results of the European achalasia trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Gut. 2016 May; 65(5): 732-9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saleh C.M., Ponds F. A., Schijven M. P. et al. Efficacy of pneumodilation in achalasia after failed Heller myotomy. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 28(11): 1741-1746. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saleh C.M., Ponds F. A., Schijven M. P. et al. Efficacy of pneumodilation in achalasia after failed Heller myotomy. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 28(11): 1741-1746. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amani M., Fazlollahi N., Shirani S. et al. Assessment of pneumatic balloon dilation in patients with symptomatic relapse after failed Heller myotomy: A single center experience. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016; 8(1): 57-62. doi: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amani M., Fazlollahi N., Shirani S. et al. Assessment of pneumatic balloon dilation in patients with symptomatic relapse after failed Heller myotomy: A single center experience. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016; 8(1): 57-62. doi: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez-Ananin S., Fernandez A. F., Balague C. et al. What to do when Heller’s myotomy fails? Pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic remyotomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy: A systematic review. J Minim Access Surg. 2018; 14(3): 177-84. doi: 10.4103/jmas.JMAS_94_17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez-Ananin S., Fernandez A. F., Balague C. et al. What to do when Heller’s myotomy fails? Pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic remyotomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy: A systematic review. J Minim Access Surg. 2018; 14(3): 177-84. doi: 10.4103/jmas.JMAS_94_17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Hoeij F. B., Ponds F. A., Werner Y. et al. Management of recurrent symptoms after peroral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018; 87(1): 95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.04.036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Hoeij F. B., Ponds F. A., Werner Y. et al. Management of recurrent symptoms after peroral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018; 87(1): 95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.04.036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponds F.A., Fockens P., Lei A., et al. Effect of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy vs Pneumatic Dilation on Symptom Severity and Treatment Outcomes Among Treatment-Naive Patients With Achalasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9; 322(2): 134-144. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.8859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponds F.A., Fockens P., Lei A., et al. Effect of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy vs Pneumatic Dilation on Symptom Severity and Treatment Outcomes Among Treatment-Naive Patients With Achalasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9; 322(2): 134-144. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.8859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rohof W.O., Salvador R., Annese V. et al. Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype. Gastroenterology. 2013; 144: 718-25. quiz e13-4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rohof W.O., Salvador R., Annese V. et al. Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype. Gastroenterology. 2013; 144: 718-25. quiz e13-4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
